The Hip-Hop Defense free essay sample

Everyone has an opinion about the influence of hiphop music on our nations youth. Many people, such as politicians and the ultra conservative, feel the influence is destructive and incites violent behavior. Some people, for instance the media, believe hip- hop glamorizes inappropriate behaviors and actions while promoting the demoralization of women in general, but more specifically black women. Few people are willing to speak out and defend hip-hop music as communicative form of art. In the article â€Å"In Defense of Hip Hop† Cathleen Rountree argues people, young and old alike, are hasty to blame hip-hop in justification of their atrocious tirades, actions, and behaviors without fully understanding what hip-hop is, and what it represents. The â€Å"B word†, â€Å"ho†, and â€Å"trick† are just a few of the demoralizing and degrading slang words spoken in relation to women in some hip-hop music. Rountree uses national radio personality Don Imus’s April 4, 2007 racially insensitive verbal degradation against a female basketball team as an example of how hip-hop is a â€Å"scapegoat† to justify inappropriate and offensive comments and actions. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hip-Hop Defense or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rountree makes note of the fact that Imus has a documented history of making insensitive and sometimes racial comments. If the history of Don Imus’s comments reflect a pattern of disrespect, degradation, and insensitivity how can hip-hop now be blamed for his April 2007 tirade. In the immediate aftermath of the Imus incident long-standing opponents of hip-hop music resurfaced to once again place blame on the music and the culture instead of on the individuals. Although some critics and activists were courageous enough to lay blame solely on Don Imus, others such as Al Sharpton, came out in defense of Imus stating although Imus ‘s behavior and comments were wrong, he shouldn’t be held accountable when entertainers of the hip-hop industry are not. As far back as 1970 â€Å"the devil made me do it! an expression popularized by a fictional character of comedian Flip Wilson, has been the prevailing comic excuse for misdeeds. Rountree entertains the idea of hip-hop as the equivalent of the devil in that expression, she further implies the music is representative of hip-hop artist surroundings and environment. Anger at a lack of understanding the music before condemning it is Rountrees reaction to the prejudice against hip-hop music, something everyone has done at one time or another. World famous hip-hop artist Tupac Shakur was instrumental, even after death, in Rountrees decision to re evaluate her thoughts and stance on hip-hop. Tupac’s posthumous documentary was a vital factor in her decision to re evaluate the music and the culture. The influence of that documentary so profoundly affected Rountree she devoted a section of her teaching curriculum to the study of hip-hop. Tupac Shakurs’ documentary altered Rountree’s entire perception of hip-hop as a music and a culture. Her eyes were opened to the meaning of the lyrics as expressions of the lives of the artists. She further states the artistic side of the music is representative of various aspects of society, politics and spirituality as well as bridging a gap to the different demographics that make up our country. In the summer of 2007 Queen Latifah a well-known female hip-hop artist, and actor Bruce Willis funded a project titled â€Å"The Hip-Hop Project† detailing a young mans’ plea to the youth of his community to share their life stories and experiences through the art of hip-hop. The focus of the project encourages the group to produce a realistic and vivid image of their everyday life in the form of words and music. With the support of Bruce Willis and other well-known figures in the hip-hop industry the album was completed to the satisfaction of all parties involved. Rountrees accolades to the success of the CD, indicates her complete change of mind of the subject of hip-hop. Overall, the article â€Å"In Defense of Hip-Hop† shows the authors willingness to open her mind to learning things she doesn’t understand. Her allusions to hip-hop as a form of social commentaries to bridge the differences of society, reflects the knowledge she ascertained on her journey of self-discovery. Hip-Hip frequently receives negative publicity due to the content of the lyrics, without ever considering what the lyrics actually mean. The Hip-Hop Project, was produced to show the more positive aspects of the art form. Roundtree states †this is a story of hope, healing and the realization of dreams and should be required viewing for Don Imus and Al Sharpton†.

How far does Coriolanus succeed in and surpass his Destiny shaped by his mother Essay Example

How far does Coriolanus succeed in and surpass his Destiny shaped by his mother Essay Example How far does Coriolanus succeed in and surpass his Destiny shaped by his mother Essay How far does Coriolanus succeed in and surpass his Destiny shaped by his mother Essay Essay Topic: Mother To Mother Coriolanus is a Roman soldier fighting a war against the Volsces, a barbarian tribe in the North. His mother, Volumnia, has been his main influence during his life. Volumnia brought him up in a tough way To a cruel war I sent him, from whence he returned his brows bound with oak. I tell thee, daughter I sprang not more in joy at first hearing he was a man-child than now in first seeing he had proved himself a man. Therefore her expectations are for him to be a tough man. Expectations which we see fulfilled when Coriolanus is out in battle. Where his wife Virginias reaction is one of worry, as one could expect O Jupiter, no blood. Volumnias is one very different I had rather had eleven died nobly for their country than one voluptuously surfeit out of action. She promotes Coriolanus mad courage, by which I mean risking anything to fulfil his plan.An example is him pursuing the Volsces into their own walls when the Romans were too cowardly to follow him. They only looted from the enemy rather than defeating them. For this victory he is honoured by Rome as a great hero and soldier. O noble fellow! If there is to be a blot on Coriolanus reputation it is his contempt of the Plebeians. Who deserves greatness deserves your hate. This is what gives Brutus and Sicinius, two tribunes of the people, their opportunity to manipulate the sheepishness of the Plebeians and to remove Coriolanus from power as consul. Let them not lick the sweet that is their poison. The question we must ask ourselves is if Coriolanus really was their poison and ultimately if Coriolanus banishment necessary or just an act of jealousy by Brutus and Sicinius because they feel threatened by him?We already know that the plebeians like complaining. We seldom see them doing anything else. Let us fight with our pikes ere we become rakes, this hinting at a rebellion because theyre hungry. And again well have corn at our own prices. After Coriolanus has explained to them how he has fought far more bravely and at greater cost than anyone else. Look, sir, my wounds! I got them in my countrys service // When some certain of your brethren roared and ran from thnoise of our own drums, they are soon back on his side. It is this volatile temperament of the plebeians that Coriolanus despises. This is fair enough because this crowds favour alternates side as the wind changes direction.It is very easy to manipulate this kind of fickle crowd into thinking Coriolanus is a bad ruler again. This is exactly what Brutus and Sicinius plot to do by manipulating them into thinking that the power will taken from the people if they vote of Coriolanus. Here is he that would take you all from power. The truth is that they are only jealous of Coriolanus and feel threatened by him. Then our office may // During his power go sleep.In order too see if Coriolanus actions are to fulfil his maternal destiny we must look at Coriolanus motives for his gallant deeds. We must look at whether they are virtus, deeds do ne solely for his own self pride and personal gain or pietas, deeds done for his family. We know from what is said about Coriolanus that there is a definite split opinion as to whether his pride is driving his deeds or maternal influence or indeed if he fights so bravely in pure selfless love for his country. He did it to please his mother and to be partly proud this quote suggests that Coriolanus motives are to please his Mother, a testimony to his loyalty to his mother. At the same time, the second half of this quote suggests a certain element of pride which is why he isnt appealing to the plebeians.But the difference between Coriolanus and main characters in other Shakespeare plays such as Macbeth and King Lear is that in those plays the main character is capable of reflecting on his actions and understanding where hes gone wrong. Macbeth realises the pointlessness of his murders, King Lear sees how wrong he was to care only for his own riches and not for the poorest in the kingd om. Coriolanus, however, is faced with a situation, in which he can follow virtus and seek to revenge Rome by burning it down for his personal satisfaction or pietas and by doing so, save his family and discard his lust for revenge. The main difficulty with this decision for Coriolanus is that it means change. This is a daunting prospect for Coriolanus, The rock, the oak not to be wind-shaken. His mothers influence which appears to have made him the rock he is is so strong that he cannot tell when the time is right to let go of virtus.This is where Coriolanus surpasses his destiny, even his mother couldnt have prepared for such a proud, stubborn son. Where Macbeth and King Lear realised they were wrong, Coriolanus stands firm, only deciding not to burn Rome because his mother begs him and shames him with [her] knees. This proves his undying love and loyalty to his mother he did it for his mother. The fact that his mother had to be on her knees, however suggests that he didnt get his stubborn attitude solely from his mother. If he did then she would have come to expect this attitude from him but I believe that it is his desire and conditioning partly by the Roman aristocracy who look down on the Plebeians as a lower social group, that caused his immense pride.In conclusion I believe that Coriolanus becomes the proud, brave, tough fighter that we see in his mother. However Coriolanus becomes so set in his ways that he can almost not change them, even though it meant putting his familys life at stake. His own personal pride playing a part in that. But the fact that he doesnt go ahead in burning Rome is a testimony to his loyalty to his mother even if he cannot reason what he has done wrong for himself.

User experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

User experience - Essay Example In order to evaluate the website, a range of the users is selected from the targeted audience and assigned particular tasks to evaluate the scrupulous and diverse characteristics of the website. Moreover, in order to get information regarding the experiences of the users while using the website, the users are given a website usability form to be filled so that the website of the Phone4u can be evaluated. After looking at every element of the interaction and usability factors and based on the results of the evaluation, suggestions and recommendations are made (Cornell University Library, 2012). The recommendations would be presented to the company for improving several aspects of the website to reach the targeted audience, trust development on the visitors and customers, moreover, guidance to increase the web traffic (Dumas, 2008, p37). The usability test is one of the essential steps in the evaluation of the user’s likeness and dislike-ness while using the Phone4u’s website. This will require acquisition of user opinions and to present an analysis of the information to guide the decision on the areas of improvement. Since most of the features are observable qualitative attributes, this study will have to convert them into quantitative variables for ease of data analysis. Changes are good in order to improve the website, however, at the same time it is important to consider the fact that some users do not welcome changes so easily and may prefer to remain in the previous version of the website rather than the new one with improved features (Kendall & Kendall 2011, p58). The evaluation will lead to the decision making for the new version of the website based on the information from user response. The statistics will be gathered as comments from the selected users. The participants’ views reflect the present trend and

Types of Information Systems Used Within Organizations Essay

Types of Information Systems Used Within Organizations - Essay Example Information Systems have many different areas of work. These include Information Systems Management, Information Systems Strategy, and Information Systems Development. Information Systems Management is a system of collecting, processing, disseminating, and storing data in the form of information that is required to carry out functions of management. An Information Systems Strategy is a system used to assist and manage information to help in strategic decision making. The IT department of an organization partly focuses on the development of information technology in an organization. It governs the development of Information Systems that focus on the development, use, influence, and application on an organization or business. A computer-based Information System is a medium which is used for storing, recording, and spread linguistic expressions, and also drawing conclusions from these expressions. These systems are technologically implemented. There are many different types of Information Systems; some of these include Management Information Systems, Transaction Information Systems, Expert Systems, Decision Support Systems, and Business Intelligence Systems.

Nazi Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nazi Germany - Essay Example However, we know that ethnic nationalism is the focal point of Hitler’s ideology. Nationalism gives rise to unity which can revolutionize the efforts and has a power to bring change at large. Due to this confrontation between racism and nationalism, Nazism has faced strong criticism from the nationalists around the world. This movement led the nations towards extreme destruction and annihilation of the millions innocent people. Moreover, we cannot ignore the fact that this ethnic nationalism was the main root-cause of the Second World War and the main reason for disrupting the international peace. The sole purpose behind mass destruction and violence was to create and sustain the supremacy of the Aryan race and to fulfill the motive; Hitler crossed all the borders of intolerance and abhorrence for other nations, considering them as inferior and substandard nations with low-grade races. This increased aggression and hatred for other â€Å"inferior nations† led towards in tense militarism (Fest). It was plain and clear to observe from the facts that Nazis had a deep desire to dominate the greater part of the world which led them to apply any approach that could help them to achieve their goals. Hitler had an innate desire to stretch his regime towards east-side and to let his â€Å"people† to settle down in the most prosperous states. ... This ethnicity violence and hatred for one another benefited Hitler who already had his ideology based on ethnic nationalism (Curta). Josip Broz Tito, a communist and nationalist stood as the toughest contender for Hitler to proceed in Yugoslavia. Nazis considered the South Slavs as low-grade nations with no background and inferior to Aryans. South Slavs and nationals from east side faced more hatred by Hitler as compare to any other nations that have been victimized by him. It was evidently cleared that he considered them as non-humans and had a degrading feeling for them. After the invasion, they were treated with the utmost humiliation. They were prohibited for better education, basic needs as well as any act of kindness was forbidden for them (Curta). They were viewed as racially inferior group by the Reich. Invasion of Yugoslavia and the Initial Military Resistance (Encyclopedia Brittanica): 6th April 1941 marked the beginning of Directive 25 which resulted in the in the Axis( m ostly German) attack on Yugoslavia and within in 11 combat days the Royal Yugoslav army had unconditionally surrendered to tactically and numerically superior Axis forces on 1th April 1941. The Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Drzava Hrvatska—NDH) thus came into being (Fest). Due to the technological and tactical prowess of the Axis forces. The Yugoslav army envisioned a war plan (R-41) that in case of an Axis attack on Yugoslavia, the different corps and army groups in Yugoslavia will retreat to the south and the 3rd Army Group would then coordinate with the Greek Army to focus in Albania and attack the Italian forces based there. Thus, a corridor would be created where the Yugoslav and Greek armies would then meet the Allied forces in the

Success Of The Coca Cola Company

Success Of The Coca Cola Company This report is to investigate Coca Cola Company. On this coursework I will look at the company on all aspects from their business functions, organisational structures to the companys objectives. I would have to look at the departments within the business and the functional areas within these departments, also look at the different management styles within the business, looking at the organisational structure, the communication used within the business, and the impact of ICT on the organisations communications. The Coca-Cola Company is the worlds leading manufacturer, marketer and distributor of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. Along with Coca Cola, the worlds best known brand, The Coca Cola Company markets four of the worlds top-five soft drink brands, including Diet Coke, Fanta and Sprite. Throughout the world, no other brand is an immediately recognizable as Coca Cola. With operations in more than 200 countries, a diverse workforce comprised of more than 200 different nationalities, communicating in more than 100 different languages, The Coca Cola Company is part of the fabric of life in each of the communities they serve throughout the world. It operates as a local business partner, providing quality in the marketplace, enhancing the workplace, preserving the environment and strengthening the community. Coca-Cola is the most popular and biggest-selling soft drink in history, as well as the best-known product in the world. Coca-Cola was invented in May 1886 by Dr. John S. Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. The name Coca-Cola was suggested by Dr. Pembertons bookkeeper, Frank Robinson. He kept the name Coca-Cola in the flowing script that is famous today. Coca-Cola was first sold at a soda fountain by mixing Coca-Cola syrup with carbonated soda in Jacobs Pharmacy in Atlanta by Willis Venable. During the first year, sales of Coca-Cola averaged nine drinks a day, adding up to total sales for that year of $50. Since the years expenses were just over $70, Dr. Pemberton took a loss. Today, products of The Coca-Cola Company are consumed at the rate of more than one billion drinks per day. In 1893, Coca Cola was registered in the United States and then further investment was put into it to expand the business. To handle the enormous capacity of its business, the Coca Cola Company has divided up into six operating units: Middle and Far East Groups, Europe, The Latin America Group, The North America, The Africa Group and The Minute Maid Company. The Head Quarters is situated in the United States. The country that Im going to be concentrating on is the United Kingdom and how the company works in the U.K. Action Plan I drew up this action plan as a guide to prioritise what information I need to complete this report. The method of research I will use the most on this report will be secondary research such as the annual reports, etc. Coca Colas Ownership ===================== The Coca Cola Company is a public limited company . They offer shares to the general public through the company. It is mainly larger companies such as Coca Cola that are public limited companies. The advantages of a public limited company are: * Shareholders have limited liability * The sale of shares enables larger sums of money to be raised * While the company has this money permanently, the individual owners can recoup their money by selling their shares to others * Directors may be brought in as experts in certain fields * Produce goods at lower unit cost * Due to their size they can benefit from economies of scale, e.g. bulk buying, cheaper borrowing The disadvantages of a public limited company are:  · There are a number of legal requirements to fulfil in setting up a company  · Regulations mean that a company is more expensive to set up than a sole trader or partnership, although the cost may be as little as  £100, and some already registered companies can be bought off the peg  · The accounting of a company is less private than for other forms of organisation  · The company could become to large resulting in poor labour relations  · There could be a conflict of interest between shareholders and the Board of Directors  · Possibility of takeover or merger because shares can be bought by anyone Coca Cola also have limited liability as they are a public limited company. A limited company is owned by its shareholders. There is no legal maximum to the number of shareholders. There are two forms of Limited Liability Company in the UK, the Private Limited Company (Ltd) and the Public Limited Company (Plc). The essential difference, between the two, is that the Private Limited Company can not legally offers its shares to the general public, therefore this form of company is usually associated with family run businesses. Whilst the Public Limited Company can sell its shares to the general public on the Stock Exchange, providing the potential for far greater finances to be raised. The owners of a limited company are referred to as its members, or shareholders. An individual can become an owner of the business by purchasing shares in that business. When the profits of the business are distributed to shareholders, they are distributed in the form of a dividend. The value of the dividend is decided upon not by the owners, but by the Directors of the business. Some shareholders had invested their life savings and not only lost their money, but their homes, limited liability was designed to protect shareholders from this mistake, but the key motive was to ensure that large projects could continue to raise capital. Coca Colas Objectives of the Company Mainly all companies objectives are to survive, maximize their profits and to expand their business, however, from when Coca Cola had started, over the years they had achieved these objectives. So the company have come up with six strategic objectives to provide the company with a framework for the companys success. In 2003, every function of The Coca-Cola Company integrated these priorities into their business plans. And this year, they will continue to establish these priorities, and their benefits into every aspect of the business. Coca Colas Six Strategic Priorities ==================================== 1. Accelerate carbonated soft-drinks growth led by coca cola Coca Cola leads with their strengths. Carbonated soft drinks remain their most profitable business and Coca Cola is the most popular brand in the world. This strategy paves the way for growth. 2. Selectively broaden our family of beverage brands to drive profitable growth Enormous opportunity exists in categories such as juice and juice drinks, bottled water, teas, energy drinks, coffee and more. 3. Grow system profitability and capability together with our bottling partners Coca Cola is a company of relationships, and one of our most important relationships is the one we share with our bottling partners. In 2003, those relationships became more profitable and productive. 4. Serve customers with creativity and consistency to generate growth across all channels We will continually strive to increase growth for the customers businesses, helping create a context for the companys growth. 5. Direct investments to highest-potential areas across markets Coca Cola tailor their business approach to the individual marketplace based on its stage of development. In this way, we direct our investments in a way that makes the most business sense. 6. Drive efficiency and cost-effectiveness everywhere By leveraging technology, creating alignment across business units and achieving economies of scale, we are able to operate with more efficiency. To maximise profits enables the company to enhance the business, to expand the business, allow business to take over another business, buy new machineries, and pay more dividends to the shareholders. Enhancing the business means to upgrade the business in a sense that a business buys new Computers, new office equipments, new furniture, expand the office, employee more labor etc. These six objectives are just not the businesses objectives but they provide the framework for the companys success. They achieve these goals very successfully by striving for carrying out against a crystal clear strategy for success, and by doing so with an unwavering commitment to quality. Departments of Coca Cola Every organisation is made up of different departments, each of these departments help Coca Cola achieve their objectives. As Coca Cola is a large multinational company, the amounts of departments are huge. Each country has their own Head Office and departments. Coca Cola is geographically split into five geographic operating segments, also known as strategic business units (SBUs). The five SBUs are North America, Africa, Asia, Europe, Eurasia and Middle East and finally Latin America. If all these departments perform in the correct way then that will continue the success of Coca Cola. There are 6 functional departments within Coca Cola, these are:  · Marketing  · Finance  · Packaging  · Sales  · Research and development  · Administration Marketing The Coca Cola marketing department at the Atlanta Headquarters develops core strategies for company brands to ensure that all communication is consistent in every market.With this cohesive effort, the Coca-Cola system maximizes its resources for market leadership and profitable growth. The marketing departments are responsible for marketing the products and advertising the products and promoting the products. If all these departments perform their duty firmly then the objectives of The Coca-Cola Company will meets. Finance The finance department of the Coca Cola Company is responsible for financial record keeping. This involves keeping records of money received and paid out. The financial records will be used to produce the annual reports for the shareholders so that they can see the company performance. The Finance department is also responsible for the management accounts of the business like marketing etc. The Coca-Cola Company finance department is also responsible for making budget of the company and for each department like marketing department or research and development department. They will also be involved in the planning process like taking over or any major decision. Packaging The packaging department of The Coca-Cola Department is responsible for the packaging of the products. They have to make the packaging attractive so that that product meets the eyes of the consumers. Bringing new products package is their responsibility. It works with the companies bottling partners to produce an attractive combination. Sales The sales department of the Coca Cola Company is to coordinate the selling program. They also have to make the distribution methods, etc. Also, decide how much to sell and how much to store in the warehouse and to choose the transporting method which is the most cost efficient and the quickest way. Research and development This department has their budget given by the finance department and their responsibility is to investigate new products. They work closely with marketing by looking at marketing research findings. They have to bring new products in the market for the change because the consumer cannot stick with the same old products. If necessary then they also have to improve the quality of the products. The Coca-Cola Company research department has done a lot of research and recently they have launched many new products like Diet coke with lemon, Fanta Tropical, Minute maids, Fanta raspberry, Fanta blue berry etc. Administration This department is essential for keeping the business going. They act as a help support of the company, it is not the central purpose the business but every business organization would need this department. Most businesses rely on administration to be organized. They deal with enquiries, give messages produce documents and give information to any customer. The complaints that this department will get would be transferred to the research and development department to make the product better or fix the problem that the consumer is having. These departments are the most important department of The Coca-Cola Company because they helps the company to meets the objectives of The Coca-Cola Company i.e. surviving, customer satisfaction and make more profits. As I said that the help desk department satisfies the customer by providing the information they needs and taking the complaints and passing to the research and development departments who improves the products. Management Styles There are four main types of management styles that each business would use. Coca Cola have four principles of citizenship that they would have to incorporate into the management style: * Provide quality in the marketplace * Enrich the workplace * Preserve the environment * Strengthen the community A management style is an overall method of leadership used by the manager. The Coca Cola Company use the following management styles, but each one in different departments. There are three main types of management styles used in businesses: Autocratic Where the leader makes all the decisions, there is no negotiation and is very prescriptive and there is little job satisfaction. However, the job gets done quickly and there is less conflict between different ideas. This style is hardly used among the company as they believe that the lack of input could lead to poor results. Autocratic does save a lot of time as quick decisions can be made and there is no time wasted on discussion resulting in the business saving time and money. Democratic This emphasises on group agreements to generate new ideas. There are two types of democratic management styles; democratic and consultative democratic. Democratic is where all the managers, junior managers and employees are involved in the ideas and final decision process. Out of all the workers, no-one has a higher level than the others n this management style. Consultative democratic This is where the managers allow the employees to make the ideas but the ideas are forwarded to the executives or the manager consults their team to make the final decision. Coca Cola applies consultative management style to the company more as there can be less conflict for what the final decision is. The advantage of this is that it helps to motivate staff as they are aware that they have a say in the company to some extent. The disadvantages of this that the process is very time consuming and effort will be needed by a manager to do this. Management encourages employees to set goals in line within the organization aims. There are reviewed regularly in performance appraisals. The advantages of this style are that it will increase efficiency of individuals and help to motivate them and train them so they are productive. The disadvantages of this are that it needs to be well organized and will not work in highly structured jobs. Democratic style is the management style that Coca cola adopts. This sort of management style involves empowerment. In this management style individuals and teams are given responsibilities and decisions to make, usually within a given framework. If anything wrong happens then the individuals and teams are then held responsible for the decisions that are chosen. With this type of management style it allows the manager to feel comfortable with other people in the organization making some of the decisions. Democratic managers will often want feed back from their employees on decisions being made. Democratic leaders listen and act on the opinions of the group. This type of management is good as it makes the employees happy and productivity is high. This is a very good method because employees thoughts and suggestions are listened to by the business. This makes the employees seem as if they are respected and that their thoughts are valid. Coca Colas Management by Objectives Management by objectives is a process of management that emphasises the role of leadership and communications in the organisation and control of the business. It is a method of managing managers rather than the workforce at large. The following shows how Coca Cola is managed, by the three basic elements in management that Coca Cola uses by the objectives:  · The identification of agreed goals by a manager and a subordinate  · The definition of the subordinates responsibilities in terms of agreed results  · The use of agreed goals and responsibilities to control the progress of the business Cultures Every business is made up of different cultures and the cultures that are present within the business depend on the management style and the organisational structures that are used. The different types of structures are: Role Culture- This is best suited to a hierarchy organizational structure. This type of culture works best by every employee playing the role that he or she has been predetermined and corresponds with the rules and regulations of the business Task Culture- This culture encourages people to work as a team; this works best in a star structure. Power Culture- This works well in a matrix structure. It is based around one dominant individual/leader. Person Culture- this culture focuses on providing administrative help and support and close attention to one person in the organization. Role culture is the culture that Coca Cola adopts. This is where all members have a defined job or role to carry out. Role culture is normally split up into a number of functions that are organized in a hierarchical way. Coca Cola would divide themselves into various functions like accounts, marketing and production. These also have hierarchical ordering of office examples of these are production director, production managers, supervisors, technicians, operatives etc. This type of culture works by logic and rationality. Role culture is mainly used in large organization. In this culture position in the main source of power and rules and procedures are the main source of influence. They also use task culture s the employees from the I.T department might have to work together to teach their goal or target Management style of Coca Cola. If the culture of the business is not good, it can affect the number of absenteeism and punctuality. This means that if Coca Cola had a hard and unfriendly culture it can force their staff not to come to work because they might be picked on every day by other staff members, or they might not like the work they are given so they either come in late or take a day of work. This would result in the business losing out on work, and have less time to call in for a replacement. The culture of Coca Cola could have an affect on industrial relations, between managers and workers. So if Coca Cola didnt have a warm and genial culture it would cause more disagreements between staff and managers and staff would not be motivated to work, for example, staff may have to cut down on rest days, this could cause arguments as all staff would be tired from working everyday and would not have time to recover or spend it with their family. However, if the company had a warm culture then the managers and staff would get very well as staff would have less stress to compete with and would have a friendly environment to work in without having someone constantly shout out at staff. Organisational Structure Every business works using an organisational structure, this means that the organization has its staff organized in a certain way depending on the staff, their responsibilities and whom they must report to. Cultures and management styles play a massive part in organizing the structure. As the Coca Cola Company is a large multinational company, it is made up of many organizational structures, these are broken down into the different units that are located around the world, which are; North America, Africa, Asia, Europe, Eurasia and Middle East and finally Latin America. Each unit is then organised into their own organisational structure. The following structure shows the Coca Cola Company in the Great Britain. Then each of the different departments has their own structure. Marketing Organisational Structure The structure of the marketing department is quite simple and is equally spaced out. It is a formal structure, which means that it has limited communication channels, the arrows show the flow of communication, it is mainly vertical flows of communication. You can easily see no problems in this structure as the span of control is spaced out and can easily be managed. Measuring Coca Colas Success Measuring Cola Colas success can be easily done. Their success can be seen by the quality of its product and its sales figures. At the current day, Coca Cola lead by having the most popular and most consumed soft-drinks in the world. The information that the company can use to measure their success can be many of the following:  · Sales figures In 1984, 77 of Coca Colas operating income came from soft drinks. Today the figure is 97. * Market share Coca Cola, in 2000, took up 20.3% of the following drinks. The chart shows that 89% of sales come from soft drinks, 50% of the soft drinks sales come from Coca Cola. Market Share of 2000 Coca-Cola Classic 20.3% Pepsi 13.9% Diet Coke 8.6% Mountain Dew 7.1% Sprite 6.5% Dr. Pepper 6.2% Diet Pepsi 4.9% Seven-Up 2.0% Minute Maid Orange 1.5% Others 29% Total 100%  · Questionnaires questionnaires can be used to ask people their views on Coca Cola and their products. The various that can be asked is about the prices of the product, the quality of it, etc. this information then can be assessed to see if the company is doing it. The Company delivered solid results in 2003. They continued to work hard to re-activate the Companys considerable historical advantages: Our geographic reach, our wonderful brands, our range of packages, our financial strength, our ability to make connections, our marketing and our innovation capabilities The company is never satisfied, but they always make solid progress. In 2003, the company grew profitable carbonated soft-drink volume, led by Coca-Cola branded beverages. They had expanded the range of juices and juice drinks, teas, sports drinks, waters and other noncarbonated beverages that they offer around the world. Also, they had improved their focus on building brands and working with customers and bottling partners worldwide. The Coca-Cola system is working more effectively today, for consumers, customers, bottlers and our share owners, than it has in a very long time. Use of ICT in the business Internal ICT Communications used by Coca Cola Coca Cola use ICT to communicate both internally externally. This includes communication with:  · Employees Fax will be used to contact the employees because most employees will have a fax machine in their office or wherever they will be working  · Management If management need to be contacted then pagers would probably be the alternative to contact them, fax machine could be a factor as well.  · Customers The only ICT communication used by Coca Cola to contact customers could be E-mailing, they could E-mail customers different products or new sales etc.  · Distributors of Coca Cola They would probably be contacted by Video conference because the distributors are very likely to be from other countries rather then the country the business is trying to consumer the products from. Internal ICT Communications that Coca Cola use are: E-mail E-mail will save a lot of time within the business if everybody would start emailing instead of calling a meeting. Coca Cola staff has programs installed on their computers, which tells them once they have received E-mail. This lets them communicate quickly with one another. Staff within Coca cola has access to a computer where they can E-mail. The disadvantage of this type of communication is that it is quite expensive, as it would have to be on all day long. The advantage of this is that it is fast and information can be passed on quickly. They can avoid the disadvantage by having broadband where you pay a certain sum for unlimited access. Fax Faxing allows people to have copies of documents they may require. Faxing is similar to emailing. But you do not receive the messages on a computer but a fax machine. Messages can also be sent via fax to tell employees of urgent messages, meetings, memorandas, newsletters and import notices are amongst things that can be sent by via tax. The advantage of this is that import documents can be received quickly but the disadvantage could by that not everyone within the business would actually have a fax machine to use, or they may not look at it very often. these people to receive information wherever they are at whatever time. Pagers, in general are a good thing as it allows people to receive information on the move. A disadvantage of this would by that you cannot send long messages, all messages must be short, and this could lead to misunderstanding of messages. Words may be shortened and this may lead to more of confusion.

The Advantages of E-Textbooks Essay examples -- Educational Technology

Imagine a day when youngsters would leave for school carrying nothing more than an electronic device weighing less than one pound. The advent and growing popularity of electronic textbooks may make this a reality sooner rather than later. No more students trudging around with 20 pound backpacks strapped to their backs. No more lockers jammed with textbooks and notebooks. The benefits of transitioning to e-textbooks are many and provide advantages for both students and educators. Electronic textbooks can be updated faster than traditional textbooks and can also provide resources that traditional books cannot supply. Because reprinting textbooks is expensive, they are rarely corrected and schools frequently have outdated versions that are 5 – 10 years old (Acker, 42). The information in traditional textbooks is often obsolete and the pictures can be very dated. For example, Pluto is still listed as a plant in our solar system in many science books even though it was decided in 2006 that it is actually a dwarf planet. In some cases, a textbook may be updated every few years, but many high schools do not purchase the new edition because of the high cost involved. In our current economy, many schools can neither justify nor afford the several hundred dollars it would cost to purchase a new edition for just a few changs. With e-texts, corrections and updates can be made quickly and at a fraction of the cost of their printed counterparts. In addition , e-textbooks include more than just the words. â€Å"The nature of literacy is changing; it includes not only text but also symbols and visual images or icons that make up graphic user interfaces.† (Hassell, 117) Visual images and icons can be found on practically every electronic ... ...irst generation of digital natives. New York: Basic Books, 2008. Print. Shepperd, James A., Jodi L. Grace, and Erika J. Koch. "Evaluating The Electronic Textbook: Is It Time To Dispense With The Paper Text?." Teaching Of Psychology 35.1 (2008): 2-5. Academic Search Elite. Web. 8 May 2012. "Technology in the Middle  » Blog Archive  » Digital Literacy 101: Class Dismissed But Not Over." Technology in the Middle . N.p., n.d. Web. 23 May 2012. . "Virtual textbooks gain popularity in class - News - The University Echo - Student weekly of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga ." The University Echo - Student weekly of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 May 2012. .

Federal Government’s Responses to African-American Freedom & Equality

Towards mid-20th century, American society had been stricken with social problems that stemmed from its history of tolerating and legalizing African slavery during its transition as a nation that has new found independence and freedom as a state. Freed from British colonization, Americans found themselves assuming the role of their previous colonizers; only this time, they became usurpers of the rights of African slaves, who were transported from Africa to America. As the promise of social, economic, and political power became more possible, America in the 20th century sought to create a fair, just, and egalitarian society. One of the immediate steps taken by Americans in order to ensure this was the incorporation of Africans and African-Americans into American society. Achieving this, however, was a task not easily accomplished. Apart from people's fear of breaking the status quo and entering a new social order, the American society also had the perceived threat that if African-Americans would be recognized in the country as equal citizens as Americans, then the privileges and opportunities they have enjoyed would be re-channeled and re-distributed to a larger population. Hence, the threat of decreased opportunities and privileges kept some Americans from accepting African-Americans as equal to them in enjoying the rights, freedom, and liberty as mandated by the American Constitution. The American government, however, sought ways in which African-Americans or black Americans could gain equal rights as Americans. The road towards achieving civil rights was not an easy task for both the black American society and the government. With the combined influence and constitutional power of the Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary branches of the government, black Americans gradually achieved their goal of becoming recognized as citizens of the United States of America. In 1961, the Executive branch of the government, under the leadership of then-president John F. Kennedy, the Affirmative Action program was unveiled and implemented in the education and labor sectors of the American society. Under Kennedy's leadership, Affirmative Action was implemented as a result of tedious studies by the Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. Initially, this program was aimed to provide equal opportunities for black Americans to apply for and enter into jobs or work without being discriminated-that is, they undergo the process of application and acceptance based on their credentials, skills, and knowledge as potential employees/workers for the employer/company. As an improvement to Kennedy's initial program, President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1965 included in the Affirmative Action program the education sector, giving opportunities for black American youth to enjoy the same privileges that Americans have received from the government. Thus, with the inclusion of the education sector in the Affirmative Action program, black American students received scholarships and financial funding from the government and specific entities in the education sector. The program has benefited black American youth through the years. The Judiciary also played an important role in promoting the civil rights movement among African-Americans. Early on in the 1950s, America bore witness to a landmark case, Brown v. Board of Education, wherein Linda Brown, a black-American third grade student, was refused to be admitted in an all-white American school. The complaint was forwarded by Linda's father because she had to walk one mile in going to her school, when in fact, she only lived seven blocks away from the all-white American school. The school's refusal to admit Linda Brown signified the persistence of discrimination against black Americans. The case paved the way for educational institutions in America to re-examine themselves, and accept the reality that discrimination promotes social stagnation more than progress and development of America's youth, whether they are black or white Americans. The legislative branch has been one of the active branches of the government, and has a significant relationship with African-Americans' fight for their civil rights in the country. While the legislative branch had played the role of adversary, especially during the period wherein the civil rights movement was still in its infancy (implementation of Jim Crow laws and Fugitive Slave Law), the legislative branch nevertheless served as the medium through which black Americans were able to express and argue for their rights. One such example of laws that promoted black American civil rights was the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which promised equal rights and privileges among black Americans. It became the first step for the American society to fully accept the reality that they are equal in status and power as the black Americans. Thus, the Civil Rights Act made American society of this period to become more receptive, understanding, and open to the idea that indeed, American society is fast becoming a diverse and multi-cultural society.

Kokoda Track essays

Kokoda Track essays The Japanese wanted to take Australia out of the war and to do this they had to capture Port Moresby in New Guinea because it could be used as an aircraft base for them. The Japanese advance force first landed in July 1942 with over 10 000 soldiers landing three weeks later. They had to travel south on a very rough pathway called the Kokoda Track. The Kokoda Track was not a single pathway, it was made up of many tracks which joined together to connect villages across the mountains. The Japanese were planning to reach Port Moresby via the Kokoda Track but they had no idea how difficult the terrain was and they had insufficient supplies. They were expecting an easy victory but the Australians matched them in training, experience and morale because the Australians were fighting for their own countrys security. The Japanese were expecting reinforcements by the third week of August. Only a fraction of rations through airdrops were received by Australian soldiers. The Australians fought hard and when they were unable to hold their supply dump they contaminated as much food as possible so the starving Japanese gorged themselves on rotting food. It wasnt until six months later on 22nd January 1943 that the Australians crushed the last resistance of the Japanese at Buna. The Australian soldiers on the Kokoda Track had many hurdles to overcome. One brigade wore desert uniforms as nothing else was available and they soon found out the khaki colour really stood out. Later in the campaign Australian soldiers wore jungle-green uniforms of long trousers and shirts with leather boots and socks. Some tried to dye their khaki uniforms by boiling them in kerosene drums with leaves and tea. They wanted to blend into the rainforest. A soldier carried about 25 kilograms of food, ammunition and other equipment in a haversack on his back. At night if he was lucky he found a patch of level ground and used his ground sheet to lie on ...

Ongoing Formative Assessment Improves Student Learning

Ongoing Formative Assessment Improves Student Learning What is a Formative Assessment? A formative assessment can be defined as a variety of mini-assessments that allow a teacher to adjust instruction on a frequent basis. These continuous assessments allow teachers to use a variety of instructional strategies to help students reach instructional goals. A formative assessment is quick and easy to administrator and provides both the teacher and student with quick data that ultimately drives instruction and learning. Formative assessments focus on an individual skill or a subset of skills within a curriculum instead of the entire curriculum. These assessments are intended to measure progress towards a specific goal. They also provide students with a deeper understanding of skills they have mastered as well as skills they struggle with. There are many different types of formative assessments that can be used in any classroom. Some of the more popular ones include direct questioning, learning/response logs, graphic organizers, think pair share, and four corners. Every situation is unique. Teachers have to create and utilize the types of formative assessments that will be the most beneficial for their students and learning activities. The Benefits of Ongoing Formative Assessment Teachers who utilize regular, ongoing formative assessment in their classroom find that student engagement and learning increases.   Teachers are able to use the data generated from formative assessment to drive instructional changes for both whole group and individual instruction.   Students find value in formative assessments in that they always know where they stand and are increasingly aware of their own strengths and weaknesses.   Formative assessments are easy to create, easy to take, easy to score, and easy to use the results. In addition, they only require a limited amount of time to complete.   Formative assessments aid in setting individualized goals for students and monitoring progress on a daily basis.   The Best Type of Formative Assessment? One of the most advantageous components of formative assessment is that there is no single style of formative assessment.   Instead, there are hundreds of different types of available formative assessments. Each teacher can develop a deep repertoire of potential formative assessments. Furthermore, teachers can adapt and change a formative assessment to fit the needs of their students. This is important as variance helps keep students engaged and ensures that the teacher can match the proper assessment of the concepts being learned. Having options also helps ensure that students will most likely see several assessment types throughout the year that naturally aligns to their individual preferences or strengths as well as their weaknesses.   The best type of formative assessment is engaging, aligns with student strengths, and identifies areas in which additional instruction or assistance is needed. Formative Assessments vs. Summative Assessments Teachers who only utilize summative assessments to evaluate student learning is doing their students a disservice.   A summative assessment is designed to evaluate learning over an extended period of time.   A formative assessment gauges learning on a regular and often daily basis. Students are given immediate feedback that allows them to correct the mistakes they are making. A summative assessment limits this because of the longer time frame. Many teachers use a summative assessment to wrap up a unit and rarely revisit those concepts even when students do not perform well.   Summative assessments offer value, but in conjunction or in partnership with formative assessments. Formative assessments should build to an eventual summative assessment. Progressing this way ensures that teachers are able to assess parts to the whole.   It is a more natural progression than simply throwing up a summative assessment at the end of a two-week unit. Wrapping It Up Formative assessments are a proven educational tools offering value a lot of value for teachers and students.   Teachers can develop and use formative assessments to guide future instruction, develop individual learning goals for students, and obtain valuable information about the quality of the lessons being presented to students.   Students benefit because they receive immediate, ongoing feedback that can help them know where they stand academically at any given point.   In conclusion, formative assessments should be a regular component of any classroom assessment routine.

International Management Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

International Management Report - Essay Example er this approach the main focus of market and product planning is therefore the consumers who form the target market which may be widespread (international) or centralized (confined to a specific geographic location. Consequently for viability, the marketing mix hinges on the 4P components: Product, Price, Promotion, and Place. (Kotler, 2003). Currently the Russian marketplace is one with great potential for international investment given its natural physical and human resources, as well as political development of the last few years. As a result this paper will focus on a market plan for entering this market with Australian gourmet wines, and the subsequent sections will address the different components of the mix as it applies to Russia. Russia is a large country in terms of geography and population size with almost two thirds of the population living in big cities far away from each other and surrounded by vast and little populated areas, often with poor transportation connections between these cities. Over the last decade there has been some political stability and improved standard of living with the passing of a new constitution and a selection of a new government. Notwithstanding, there continues to be widespread crime and corruption as well as deteriorated urban infrastructure. In terms of businesses, although there are retailers and suppliers, these are fragmented, and the few chain stores are not under any organized umbrella. On the socioeconomic front, whereas the greatest purchasing power of the society is concentrated among the minority who are business people living in the large cities, pricing is a very important factor to all consumers. Those with limited purchasing power are mainly older citizens who are interested in the reliability and the quality of goods, especially in the health care sector. Despite this, the leisure preferences displayed currently are sport activities and eating out at restaurants, and for shopping, they prefer large

How DSLR cinematography is affecting the aesthetics of motion picture Research Proposal - 1

How DSLR cinematography is affecting the aesthetics of motion picture for cinema - Research Proposal Example This is in line with the research as I will be studying the effect of one of the technologies (DSLR) in cinema aesthetics. In the research, I will review the aesthetics contained in Reverie by Vincent Laforet, which was shot using DSLR cameras. This is one of the movies that utilized DSLRs for film making instead of the conventional photography. To test this, I will shoot a short movie made of a collection of four scenes using three different media: film stock, digital camera (RAW), and DSLR (compressed). Each camera will produce four scenes under similar lighting and in the same environment. This will enable me compare the scenes and analyze the differences in their aesthetics. The comparison will involve the similarities and differences and their significance in aesthetic quality. I will also look at the limitations encountered and the ways of overcoming these limitations during production and post-production. The conclusion of the research will be a short film that will combine sequences filmed using different media. The production of this film will utilize pro-consumer software, which will be essent ial for proving that independent filmmakers can utilize DSLRs when making movies. This will also prove that DSLR is a professional film making tool and can help filmmakers become professionals. The major part of the film will be shot using DSLR and will be combined with scenes from a film stock camera. This will be necessary for showing that the DSLR has improved the quality of movies. Davis, E. Interview. Indiewire (2011) [Viewed 29 January, 2013]. Available from: