Hybrid cars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Hybrid cars - Essay Example The design type of a hybrid car can either be parallel or series. In terms of classification, hybrid cars can be classified into full, mild, and plug-in hybrids. In people’s lives, hybrid cars mean fuel efficiency, reduced global warming as a result of reduced pollution, more power, reliable transportation and a lot more. They have advantages and disadvantages as discussed in this paper. In terms of whether they can replace other cars, hybrid cars can certainly replace other cars, especially due to the fact that the better ones are yet to be invented. Hybrid cars are cars that can use more than one power source. According to Hantula and Voege, â€Å"a hybrid car gets power from both a gasoline engine and an electric motor† (2010, p. 10). Callery explains that â€Å"hybrid cars use electricity to start up and power their engines, switching to gasoline at higher speeds when that fuel is more efficient† (2009, p. 5). It is possible for the gasoline engine and electric motor to work together, but this happens differently for each. Other times in some hybrid cars, only one of them works. When not needed, the engine of a hybrid car is set to shut off. This usually happens in stop-and-go traffic and where there are red lights. In fact this is among the reasons why hybrid cars are termed economical in terms of the amount of gasoline they use, which is far less compared to what traditional cars consume. The other reason is the fact that the gasoline engine of a hybrid car is smaller, since the electric motor also plays a par t in moving the car. Today’s hybrid cars are more advanced, hence do not require plugging in to power in order to recharge them. The large batteries installed in modern hybrid cars get charged as the moves. Hantula and Voege point out that, â€Å"the car may have a generator to make electricity† (2010, p. 11). The gasoline engine powers the generator. At times in some hybrid cars, the electric motor works as a generator. This paper discusses the

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral Metoprolol Essay Example for Free

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral Metoprolol Essay The patient, Roger Smith, is a forty year old man and came to the doctors office yesterday morning presenting a chief complaint of on and off headaches. Every now and then he felt dizzy and would complain about blurred vision. He mentions that he does not have any allergies to food or medicines. He admits that he doesnt do any regular exercise. He favors salty food and eats plentiful of it everyday and prefers to drink alcohol two to three times per week. He was an only child and both his father and mother are deceased. The patients mother had hypertension and so did his mothers father. When he was a child he only had varicella zoster. He also mentioned that he sought medical attention a year ago and was diagnosed with essential hypertension. After that, the patient did not visit his previous doctor for a follow up on his medical health. The patient confesses that he did not follow his previous doctor’s prescription. Dr. Robert Jones, took the patients blood pressure and it read as 140/90 mm Hg. The patient was asked to undergo laboratory test for the patients blood creatinine (National Kidney Function, 2008). On the following day, Dr. Robert Jones, measured the patient’s blood pressure again and it read 140/90 mm Hg. The patient told the doctor that he took note of his blood pressure several days ago and it also had the same reading and it never went down. The doctor asked the patient to present him the laboratory result for the patients glomerular filtration rate. The glomerular filtration rate is the test to measure the patients kidney functions level. It is important to find out what the result is to prevent the progression of a kidney disease due to hypertension (National Kidney Function, 2008). The patients glomerular filtration rate value (GFR) was 72 mL/min/1.73 m2. The doctor interpreted to the patient that his glomerular filtration rate is normal and his kidneys are not affected yet by the hypertension. The GFR is calculated by the serum creatinine of the patient which is 1.4 mg/dL, the age of the patient is forty years old, the patients race is African American and the gender is male. The normal glomerular filtration rate value is 70  ± 14 mL/min/m2 for the male and 60  ± 10 mL/min/m2 for the female (National Kidney Function, 2008). The doctor explained that essential hypertension or primary hypertension is the blood pressure thats consistently higher than the normal value, 120/80 mm Hg, and there is no cause found for the high blood pressure. It can be controlled with normal exercise, a well-balanced diet, proper treatment and constant monitoring of the blood pressure. If it is left untreated, it will lead to heart attack, heart failure, damage to the kidney and it might cause the patient to lose his vision. (PSMHMC, 2006). The patient needs to lower the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) to treat his hypertension as this is an important cardiovascular risk factor (Koenig, 2001). The doctor educated the patient to maintain his weight level near to the normal and eat a well-balanced diet. He was instructed to limit the salt intake everyday to 2,000mg or even lower. Exercise regularly and avoid drinking too much alcohol and limit the intake of caffeine. All these are needed to be followed to control the blood pressure. The patient was also educated about taking care of his blood pressure because it will cause the kidney to fail. In order to prevent this from happening, his blood pressure must be controlled (DailyMed, 2006). The doctor prescribed the patient to take metoprolol tartrate 100mg for the first four weeks and then increased the dose to 200mg for another four weeks. The patient is instructed to orally take metoprolol once daily (Koenig, 2001). Metoprolol is a beta-adrenergic blocking agent that decreases the heart rate, decreases the contraction force of the heart muscle and it lowers the the blood pressure. Metoprolol targets the sympathetic nervous system by blocking its action in order to stimulate the heart beats pace. (Hildemann, et. al., 2002). The doctor further explained that metoprolol helps relax the blood vessels and will help the heart beat at a more regular rate. In this way, high blood pressure is reduced. Other heart diseases, for example stroke or heart attack will be prevented (Koenig, 2001). The medicine is taken through the mouth and will pass through the digestive tract before it can reach the bloodstream for absorption. The onset of action of metoprolol as an anti-hypertensive if taken orally is 1 1/2 to 4 hours. It will last for ten to twenty hours and will be absorbed at a percentage of 95%. For its metabolism, it is extensively hepatic through CYP2D6; significant first-pass effect. The half-life elimination period is three to four hours (Koenig, 2001). Metoprolol will be excreted through the urine with the percentage of 3% to 10% as an unchanged drug (DailyMed, 2006). According to the explanation of the doctor, metoprolol is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 2D6. Therefore, metabolization of the drug depends on the genetic polymorph that determines the hepatic hydroxylation rate. Metoprolol is excreted by the kidney as metabolites and is absorbed within seventy-two hours by glomerular filtration. The patient is further informed that while he is taking metoprolol, he is advised not to take in any other medicine. He should follow the correct dosage at the right time, in other words, the patient is not allowed to change the dosage or the time hes supposed to take the medicine. The medicine should not be taken in with an antacid (DailyMed, 2006). The patient will feel fatigue or dizziness. He should inform the doctor any changes like unusual weight gain or muscle fatigue, swellings of any part the extremities, constipation or should he develop a cough. The patient should maintain a blood pressure of less than 140/90mm Hg. He should take his pulse prior to taking metoprolol orally. The patient will be able to keep himself healthy and fit if he continues to follow the doctors prescription. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) will be lower when the patient follows the intake of metoprolol as prescribed by the doctor (Koenig, 2001). After eight weeks, the patient came to visit Dr. Robert Jones and had his blood pressure is already 120/80 and his glomerular filtration rate value remains at the normal level. The patient is instructed by the doctor to constantly maintain a healthy diet, regularly exercise and take note of his blood pressure everyday (Koenig, 2001). References: Dailymed (2006). METOPROLOL TARTRATE and HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   TABLETS, USP50 mg/25 mg, 100 mg/25 mg and 100 mg/50 mgBeta   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Blocker/Diuretic Antihypertensive. Retrieved February 8, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?id=2522type=display Indian Journal of Pharmacology. (2008) Metoprolol Pindolol: A comparative study in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   essential hypertension. Retrieved February 8, 2008, from http://www.ijp-online.com/article.asp?issn=02537613;year=1990;volume=22;issue=2;spage=85;epage=88;aulast=Gugli;type=0 S.K. Hildemann, H. Fischer, D. Pittrow, V. Bohlscheid (2002). Metoprolol Succinate SR Plus  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hydrochlorothiazide (Beloc-Zok ® Comp) in Patients With Essential Hypertension in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   General Practice. Medscape Today. Retrieved February 10, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/444414_1 Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center College of Medicine (2006). Essential   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hypertension. Retrieved February 10, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.hmc.psu.edu/healthinfo/e/essentialhypertension.htm National Kidney Function (2008). Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). Retrieved from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   February 10, 2008, http://www.kidney.org/kidneydisease/ckd/knowGFR.cfm Wolfgang Koenig, on behalf of the Multicentre Study Group, Department of Internal   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (2001). Efficacy and Tolerability of Metoprolol Tartrate in Patients With Mild-to-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moderate Essential Hypertension: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Multicentre   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Trial. Retrieved from February 10, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/406240

Exploration Of The Failure Of Feminism Essay -- Essays Papers

Exploration Of The Failure Of Femininism When looking through Newsweek, the article "The Failures of Feminism" grabbed my attention, and I reacted to it strongly. My immediate response was one of defensive disgust, but the more I realized that I might actually understand and argue with the author on some points. This essay is an exploration of my own beliefs and reflection of my growth as both a writer and a person. There are many women, like Kay Ebeling, that feel that feminism has failed them, that the promises of Gloria Steinem and others remain unfulfilled, or are false altogether. In an angry and discontented voice, Ebeling employs her personal experience to mold and create "The Failure of Feminism," a vote for return to traditional patterns of interaction between men and women in order to recapture the "American Dream" family of the 1950's. Feminism is multi-faceted, each face containing an important idea or plan that strives to empower all people. Examples of this empowerment are presenting improved opportunities and environments for both genders; distributing equal bargaining power; expanding the boundaries of sharing and expression; and placing value on the flexibility of choice. All of these are necessary to break with tradition in order to achieve the ideal of a happy, stable family, where both partners are satisfied. Feminism is neither a cure for societal ailments, nor a crystal ball for unexplainable phenomenon, nor a simple recipe that can easily result in a sensational masterpiece of the kitchen. It is a complexity, one that is explained by many people in many ways. It is a conglomeration of ideas that can serve as inspiration for change, but change requires investments of time, energy, and emotion by ind... ... and enlightens me. With every review of my beliefs, challenge to my present knowledge of myself, and experience of new environments, I grow emotionally, my commitment to feminism grows, and my acceptance of my own mistakes as building blocks for the future grows. If Kay Ebeling had been willingstagnation and encourages me to continuously grow, each day learning new ways to deal with my frustrations and improve my relationships. to invest in feminism, feminism would have given her a new way to deal with her experiences. Instead of disillusionment, she could have gained new, positive opportunities and understanding Ebeling's complete repudiation of feminism takes away her enthusiasm to achieve goals, while my commitment allows me to be continuously inspired toward mine. Feminism directs me away from personal The complexities of feminism have endless possibilities. Exploration Of The Failure Of Feminism Essay -- Essays Papers Exploration Of The Failure Of Femininism When looking through Newsweek, the article "The Failures of Feminism" grabbed my attention, and I reacted to it strongly. My immediate response was one of defensive disgust, but the more I realized that I might actually understand and argue with the author on some points. This essay is an exploration of my own beliefs and reflection of my growth as both a writer and a person. There are many women, like Kay Ebeling, that feel that feminism has failed them, that the promises of Gloria Steinem and others remain unfulfilled, or are false altogether. In an angry and discontented voice, Ebeling employs her personal experience to mold and create "The Failure of Feminism," a vote for return to traditional patterns of interaction between men and women in order to recapture the "American Dream" family of the 1950's. Feminism is multi-faceted, each face containing an important idea or plan that strives to empower all people. Examples of this empowerment are presenting improved opportunities and environments for both genders; distributing equal bargaining power; expanding the boundaries of sharing and expression; and placing value on the flexibility of choice. All of these are necessary to break with tradition in order to achieve the ideal of a happy, stable family, where both partners are satisfied. Feminism is neither a cure for societal ailments, nor a crystal ball for unexplainable phenomenon, nor a simple recipe that can easily result in a sensational masterpiece of the kitchen. It is a complexity, one that is explained by many people in many ways. It is a conglomeration of ideas that can serve as inspiration for change, but change requires investments of time, energy, and emotion by ind... ... and enlightens me. With every review of my beliefs, challenge to my present knowledge of myself, and experience of new environments, I grow emotionally, my commitment to feminism grows, and my acceptance of my own mistakes as building blocks for the future grows. If Kay Ebeling had been willingstagnation and encourages me to continuously grow, each day learning new ways to deal with my frustrations and improve my relationships. to invest in feminism, feminism would have given her a new way to deal with her experiences. Instead of disillusionment, she could have gained new, positive opportunities and understanding Ebeling's complete repudiation of feminism takes away her enthusiasm to achieve goals, while my commitment allows me to be continuously inspired toward mine. Feminism directs me away from personal The complexities of feminism have endless possibilities.

plotlear Importance of the Subplot in Shakespeares King Lear :: King Lear essays

Importance of the subplot in King Lear "Why bastard wherefore base?" asks Edmund. The bitter illegitimate son resents his father and brother. He is determined to "prosper" and "grow." Ruthlessly, he plays on old Gloucester's weakness and persuades him that Edgar seeks his death to obtain his inheritance. Edgar, being told that Gloucester seeks his life for some reason, flees. With Edgar thus removed, Edmund now seeks to destroy his father and reports his alleged "treason" to Cornwall who removes the old man's eyes. The bastard has travelled far and is now Earl of Gloucester. Sought in love by both Goneril and Regan, victorious in battle over Cordelia's forces, Edmund's future seems assured. Alas, the discovery of Goneril's letter urging Edmund to kill her husband Albany leads to his arrest. Edgar in disguise fights Edmund, who is defending his honour and is mortally wounded - "the wheel has come full circle". Gloucester, realising the wrong he has done to Edgar, yet joyful he is alive, dies. Edgar joins Albany in ruling the country. So skillfully has Shakespeare intertwined the two plots, beginning in Act II at Gloucester's castle and ending in the alliance of Edgar and Albany, that is is difficult to separate them. Gloucester, like Lear, suffers from filial ingratitude. It is in his castle that Lear is humiliated by his daughters and flees into the storm. Gloucester's sympathy helps Lear to Dover to meet Cordelia, yet leads to his own blindness and his going to Dover for suicide. Edgar becomes embroiled in the main plot when, disguised as a madman, he meets Lear on the heath. His destruction of Oswald, Goneril's steward and his defeat of Edmund in the duel leading to Edmund admitting he has given secret orders for the execution of Lear and Cordelia, together with his alliance with Albany, all relate him to the main plot. However, it is - appropriately enough - the corrupt Edmund who becomes most entangled with the main plot. Ambition drives him into Cornwall's hands, and to his double involvement with Goneril and Regan.

IP Art Appreciation AIU Online Essay

Among the three artists Rubens, Caravaggio, and Rembrandt there have been many magnificent works of art. There are many different similarities and differences within each Artists works, aesthetic qualities and symbolic significance, as well as the artists’ points of view for each work of art. Rubens, (Peter Paul Rubens) â€Å"was a prolific seventeenth-century Flemish Baroque painter, and a proponent of an exuberant Baroque style that emphasized movement, color, and sensuality. He is well-known for his Counter-Reformation altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects.† He began by visiting many famous artists and copying some of their works of art to develop a sort of sense of understanding for this type of art and how it is create. One of his paintings â€Å"Head of Medusa† can be seen by many as very grotesque, yet it is incredibly detailed and realistic. Medusa was known as a Gorgon in Greek mythology, and that was of evil. Many often described her as a winged type creature with head of snakes. Though, she was mortal and Perseus killed Medusa by decapitating her. Medusas death is found in the epic, Argonautica. This painting is most likely depicting the defeat of evil, and intended to be very dramatic, catching the viewers’ attention immediately. (Rubens.org 2013) Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio) â€Å"was an Italian artist active in Rome, Naples, Malta and Sicily between 1593 and 1610. He is commonly placed in the Baroque school, of which he is considered the first great representatives.† He was also one of the many artists that Rubens copied in his times of studying art. â€Å"The intense realism or naturalism, for which Caravaggio is now famous, is used in the majority of his paintings. He preferred to paint his subjects as the eye sees them, with all their natural flaws and defects instead of as idealized creations. This allowed a full display of Caravaggio’s virtuosic talents. He was also widely known as the most famous painter in Rome. His painting of Medusa in a leather jousting shield is very similar in meaning to that of Rubens painting, though  Caravaggio’s depicts that of the incident where the Goddess Athena placed in upon her shield because any who looked upon the head of Medusa would turn to stone. Both Caravaggio’s and Rubens painting are grotesque and dramatic, yet a beautiful display of their own imagery. (Caravaggio.org 2013) A writer named Walter Wallace gives an incredible and justifying description of Rembrandt ( Rembrandt Van Rijn). He states â€Å"In life Rembrandt suffered far more misfortune than falls to the lot of an ordinary man, and he bore it with the utmost nobility†¦. The child of poor, ignorant Dutch peasants, Rembrandt was born with near-miraculous skill in art. As an uneducated young man, he established himself in Amsterdam, married a beautiful, wealthy, sympathetic girl named Saskia, and enjoyed a brief period of prosperity and fame. However, because men of genius are always misunderstood by the public, fate snatched him by the throat†¦. Rembrandt responded with a masterpiece, a fact unfortunately apparent only to him and his wife. Everyone else, from the burghers to the herring-peddlers, thought the painting was dreadful. Rembrandt’s patrons hooted in rage and derision, demanding changes that the artist, secure in the knowledge that posterity would vindicate him, stubbornly refused to make.†(Wallace 1968) Like Caravaggio and Ruben, his works could be just as realistic and gruesome, yet seem to take your breath away at the meaningful imagery that they all portrayed. One of his paintings The Blinding of Samson, he depicts armored men holding down Samson, and taking a knife to his eyes, thus blinding him. This is of course representing the Blinding of Samson that is portrayed in the Holy Bible. This artist captures the viewers attention by the emotion of this moment. It was also very common to see stories of the Bible depicted in artists work during this time period due to The Roman Catholic Church’s stand point at that time. The three artists Ruben, Caravaggio, and Rembrandt all created amazing works of art, with similar interests as well as display of their own imagery. All three works of art depict similarity that suggests they are from the same time period, such as the style, detail of dramatic facial expressions, and that each was of some sort of mythology or theory that they firmly believed on or felt an intense obligation to share. References: Caravaggio, The Complete Works. (2013). Retrieved on September 28, 2013 from: http://www.caravaggio-foundation.org/Medusa,-painted-on-a-leather-jousting-shield,-c.1596-98.html Peter Paul Rubens, The Complete Works. (2013). Retrieved on September 29, 2013 from: http://www.peterpaulrubens.org/biography.html Wallace, Walter. (1968) â€Å"The Legend and the Man,† in The World of Rembrandt: 1606-1669. pp. 17-25.

The Meanings and Variations of Sister

The Meanings and Variations of Sister The Meanings and Variations of Sister The Meanings and Variations of Sister By Mark Nichol Sister, from the Old English word sweoster and cognate with the Latin term soror, means not only â€Å"a female with one or more parents in common† but has also come, by extension, to refer to a woman with whom one has a bond or a common interest. It also applies to national or racial commonality, as in the term â€Å"soul sister,† which in American English describes a black female. In addition, it can refer loosely to a female relative or a girl or woman with whom one has an affinity, including among feminists; it is also slang for referring to a female in general. In religious contexts, it denotes a female member of a religious order. Because nuns often served as nurses, in British English, sister is still synonymous with nurse. Sis is an informal abbreviation, often used in direct address by a sibling, as is sissy, though this term acquired the pejorative connotation of an effeminate man. The quality of being a sister, literally or figuratively, is sisterhood; the term also applies to a society of sisters, such as a religious community of women. Sister-german is a technical legal term pertaining to the default definition of sister- â€Å"a woman or girl who has both of the same parents as a given person,† as opposed to a half sister, who shares only one parent, or a stepsister, the daughter of a stepparent. (The term german, from the Latin word germanus, means â€Å"having the same parents† and is unrelated to the proper noun referring to a person from Germany.) A blood sister is literally a sister by birth or figuratively someone with whom one shares a bond of loyalty; this term, inspired by â€Å"blood brother,† alludes to the ceremonial exchange of blood between two men, often by mingling blood at the point of a slight self-inflicted wound. â€Å"Big sister† refers to one’s older female sibling or to a woman who mentors a girl to whom she is not related. Phrases that include the word include â€Å"sister act,† a term from vaudeville describing a variety act consisting of two or more sisters, and â€Å"sob sister,† slang for an advice columnist or a writer of sentimental stories supposed to appeal primarily to women, alluding to the emotional reaction expected of female readers when reading such material. â€Å"Weak sister† is an allusion to the supposed inferiority of women that refers to an ineffectual, unreliable, or weak person in a group. Meanwhile, a sister language is one in the same language family, such as Spanish as compared to Portuguese and vice versa, while a sister city is a municipality that has established a cultural-exchange connection with a city in another country. In construction, to sister is to strengthen a structural element by attaching a similar component to it. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Spelling Test 150 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)One "L" or Two?

Selections from the Digital Art Gallery essays

Selections from the Digital Art Gallery essays Power of Authority Katrin Eismann, Untitled In this picture, we can see several coins in the waters of a lake; the main coin being a U.S. quarter. Because the water is constantly moving, it distorts the physical image of the coin when you look at it from above, but if you were to grab the coin, it would just be like any other coin you would find in your pocket. I think that the coin represents the United States with what the founding fathers had in mind for this country which was freedom, liberty, and equality; the water symbolizes what politics and the right of power has done to the country which is corrupt the national spirit and its stance to the original oath the founding fathers had. This is similar to what Eismann stated, Eismann suggests that the founding principles of the United States are at risk of being warped to the point where we will no longer recognize them. As the view of America is starting to plummet for nationalism and the origins of this land, it ruins our international plays, the respect of the people to the government and, most importantly, the power of the people. Power Struggle Peregrine Hong, Bed of Roses This picture shows a young girl lying on the girl with a red stream going down her body and with dozens of roses coming out of her stomach like balloons all in front of a white canvas. This picture shows how women played such a big role on politics and evolving the whole entire world. A womans body is a battlefield for everything in this nation. Women embody power and leadership. We have the power to teach our children to plan their futures, we have the power to decide life of a human being, and we have the power whether or not to accept responsibility. This is similar to what Honig said, We advocate for equality. We have the power to teach our daughters to plan their lives so they are the best parents they can be, and the medical means to...

The Flat Tax Issue essays

The Flat Tax Issue essays The article on the Flat Tax system was actually one that I could relate to in terms of personal taxes. I have heard of this new system over the last five or six years, but I still have yet to see any type of action for implementation with this system. Before becoming enlightened about the new system through this article, I believed that the Flat Tax needed to be adopted by our government and adopted immediately. The thought of only paying fifteen percent to taxes is something that I relished. I always thought that a straight fifteen percent tax across the board would be fair and adequate for our system. I never truly understood the consequences the flat tax made upon the debt. This, again, was all before reading the article in depth. I appreciated the fact that the author presented numerous facts and examples when he spoke of the advantages and disadvantages of the flat tax. Some of these disadvantages I would never have known if not for this article. Most of us hear of a new tax system and without knowing the details, we want to jump into the new system believing that it will help all of us save some of our income. Obviously, by employing this system, it will save us some income but in the end, we will be paying higher taxes for other essentials. Taxes will be paid by the consumer either on payroll or through the purchases of durable and non-durable goods. There is no way around it. One way or the other we are paying the taxes to support our country. The other astounding fact that I received from the article was that the fifteen- percent would not even come close to supporting our country. In fact, the country would be losing billions overall. In order to support the country, the flat tax would have to increase almost up to twenty-seven percent! Most peo ...

Discourse Analysis of the Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Discourse Analysis of the Article - Essay Example "Sometimes the way we ask for something, or our reasons for not doing something, are examples of faulty thinking and a 'victim' mentality. Eg: you want to return something to a shop, it's not right or it doesn't work. What type of language would work best "The first is a question, which is asking for a refusal. The second is a statement that demands good service. Whenever you need to ask or negotiate for something it is better to follow the 'Reason/Proposal' formula. "This type of language is sometimes called being assertive and it doesn't have to be unpleasant or aggressive. If you go for a neutral, nonpleading tone and a straightforward statement of fact, it's bound to work. "People will connect with you better if you try to match their tone of voice. If your tone is high pitched and fasts while the other people are slow and laid back, then the conversation will be out of synch. So pace your voice and tone to another person's and you will find that you will communicate better. "Victim of circumstance "It's so easy to fall into the trap of thinking life is 'out to get you' or that success is for other people. Even in the worst of situations, some people manage to be victors rather than victims, so watch your language or your negative thoughts. Every time you say or think: "I can't do that" try asking yourself, "What would happen if I did" "That's not a good thing to do" try asking yourself, "Who says it's not good" "It could all go horribly wrong" try asking yourself, "What's the worst thing that could happen" (BBC, OneLife).

Role Identification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Role Identification - Essay Example It’s the duty of research assistant to contribute his/her help to the professionals to obtain maximum knowledge, organize, collect, compile and analyze data. They coordinate the trials and also make sure that all the procedures are followed properly. Research assistant also serves as coordinators, researchers, investigators, administrators, consultants or educators. It is also the reasonability of a research assistant to maintain discipline in following the rules and regulations in the industry and to maintain the safety and confidentiality in relation to the information. In a nutshell, we can say that the research assistant should be someone able enough to know how to improve the designs of new experiments; he should be able to keep all the records accurately and safely and present them when necessary. Also, supervision of the undergoing experiments and keeping the technicians busy with their work is the most important task required of him (Education Portal,

Defining Love in Today's World Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Defining Love in Today's World - Article Example   Emotion is often considered to be the first language of human beings (Lewis & Lannon 13). Before they could converse with one another, humans reacted with expression and feeling. If an injury would cause them pain, they reacted to it; if a child’s laughter touched them, they would express it through emotion. Some emotions may not have been properly understood by those early human beings. Even now, many cultures may have different views on how these emotions should be expressed or what they mean. Love is no exception to this. Love comes in many forms, and therefore has many meanings, which can make it difficult for humans to fully understand. Despite this, it is one of the easiest emotions to display. There is no definitive beginning to the various meanings of love; in the attempt to â€Å"chart the ‘arc of love’ is that, like time, this is a subject resistant to analysis, because its existence is predicated on experience (Vickers 1).† People define love in their own terms and based on their own experiences, though most people can relate to the majority of these meanings. The history of love can only really be traced based on each individual and the love that they have felt for someone or something. This is one of the many characteristics of love that makes it a great and precious emotion - it is copious in its existence and it is steeped in everyone’s personal and unique history. Love is most thought of as the emotion felt between a couple in a serious and romantic relationship, whether they are married or are dating. In this case, love encompasses all the little aspects that keep the couple together. The smiles that are shared that are full of little secrets and that can convey thousands of messages without ever speaking; the experiences and memories that they have from the day they started dating to the present; even all of the little fights and hardships that they went through to get to where they provide evidence of lov e. The fact that they are in love is what enables them to get through hard times. This love can be increased from dating to marriage. Marriage in itself is a physical representation of romantic love between a couple. It is also a way that a couple can share and display their love for friends, family, and to the public. Teenagers and children claim to romantically love their significant other or their playground sweetheart.  Ã‚  

Medical Specialties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Medical Specialties - Essay Example Pulmonologists specialize in treatment of diseases and other conditions of the lungs. This is subspecialty of internal medicine, and it is necessary that one becomes an internist first before being a pulmonologist (What as a Pulmonologist, 2000). An infectious disease specialist is an internist or podiatrist concerned with the treatment of infectious diseases, especially of "sinuses, heart, brain, lungs, urinary tract, bowel, bones and pelvic organs." Usually, they work in conjunction with other specialists to diagnose and treat more effectively such diseases (Infectious Disease, n.d.). An allergist is a specialist treating allergies. Allergies are the body's defense mechanism against foreign objects such as dust or other particles. However good is the purpose of allergies, they are very uncomfortable for the person having them. Essentially, allergists are there to give a person some kind of relief (Finegold, 2001). Podiatrists are specialists on foot care. There are many diseases and discomforts involving the feet, and even injuries of the feet may cause complications. Therefore, these make the podiatrist important in many ways (Podiatrists, 2007). Proctologists are medical specialists on the diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus. ... Orthopedist Orthopedists are specialists "concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the bones and joints." They are often consulted when people especially players and sports enthusiasts are injured. Comprehensive Information on Internists Introduction As stated earlier, internists specialize in the treatment of internal organs. The purpose of this report is to provide short but comprehensive information on the specialist on internal medicine. It is the author's hope that any pre-medical or medical student will consider being an internist after reading this report. Education and Training To be an internist, a person must first complete the standard four years of undergraduate studies and four years at medical school to become a medical doctor. After which, the would-be internist must spend three to eight years of on-the-job training called residency (General Internist, n.d.). For information on state-specific requirements on how to be an internist, one can consult the Education Online Search's website on the following hyperlink: http://www.education-online-search.com/programs/medical_training/ Common Ailments, Conditions, or Diseases Internists must work with several other specialists depending on the internal organ and disease treatment a particular internist is specializing. For example, if an internist wants to treat hearts, he or she must learn to work with a cardiologist. This is necessary because an internist may not be specifically trained in the specialized procedure needed to treat a disease. Sometimes, internists are not really working with patients having problems in internal organs. It just so happens that they are the available personnel. It happens that they may work together with a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist

Ethics in sport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ethics in sport - Essay Example This policy is grounded o the hypotheses that there key principles required for the creation of quality sport and should be incorporated in the policy. These principles include: the sport should be value-based, efficient, technically sound, planned, sustainable, shared, and comprehensive. Also, it is necessary for participating in sport activities to maintain good conduct and maintain integrity of sports. The policy is a tool of offering the Government and other non-governmental organizations (NGOs) the appropriate direction so as to realize the desired results. It enables the government and NGOs to flexibly carry out their core mandates within their jurisdictions, and consistently contribute to the set objectives. Implementation of the policy is done through complementary action plans deduced by the state either individually and collectively, or bi-laterally and multi-laterally, or both, and other stakeholders in the sport and related sectors. Due to the constantly evolving and dynamically changing technological advancements and developing of new needs these policies should be under constant review to meet these needs (Bloyce & Smith, 2009). Governments always get involved in the development and promotion of sporting activities amongst its people. This is evident especially in sport systems at the national or high-performance level and in the community level irrespective of the age and experience of an individual. Notably there are few governments that venture into sport activities as a way of promoting peace and development, both domestically and internationally. Sport activities actually can positively impact on the growth of the countrys economy and allow the state achieves its developmental goals. However, currently sports experience to champion for these goals has been great been cramped to several small-scale ventures. It is regularly undertaken through policy frameworks

Medical Specialties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Medical Specialties - Essay Example Pulmonologists specialize in treatment of diseases and other conditions of the lungs. This is subspecialty of internal medicine, and it is necessary that one becomes an internist first before being a pulmonologist (What as a Pulmonologist, 2000). An infectious disease specialist is an internist or podiatrist concerned with the treatment of infectious diseases, especially of "sinuses, heart, brain, lungs, urinary tract, bowel, bones and pelvic organs." Usually, they work in conjunction with other specialists to diagnose and treat more effectively such diseases (Infectious Disease, n.d.). An allergist is a specialist treating allergies. Allergies are the body's defense mechanism against foreign objects such as dust or other particles. However good is the purpose of allergies, they are very uncomfortable for the person having them. Essentially, allergists are there to give a person some kind of relief (Finegold, 2001). Podiatrists are specialists on foot care. There are many diseases and discomforts involving the feet, and even injuries of the feet may cause complications. Therefore, these make the podiatrist important in many ways (Podiatrists, 2007). Proctologists are medical specialists on the diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus. ... Orthopedist Orthopedists are specialists "concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the bones and joints." They are often consulted when people especially players and sports enthusiasts are injured. Comprehensive Information on Internists Introduction As stated earlier, internists specialize in the treatment of internal organs. The purpose of this report is to provide short but comprehensive information on the specialist on internal medicine. It is the author's hope that any pre-medical or medical student will consider being an internist after reading this report. Education and Training To be an internist, a person must first complete the standard four years of undergraduate studies and four years at medical school to become a medical doctor. After which, the would-be internist must spend three to eight years of on-the-job training called residency (General Internist, n.d.). For information on state-specific requirements on how to be an internist, one can consult the Education Online Search's website on the following hyperlink: http://www.education-online-search.com/programs/medical_training/ Common Ailments, Conditions, or Diseases Internists must work with several other specialists depending on the internal organ and disease treatment a particular internist is specializing. For example, if an internist wants to treat hearts, he or she must learn to work with a cardiologist. This is necessary because an internist may not be specifically trained in the specialized procedure needed to treat a disease. Sometimes, internists are not really working with patients having problems in internal organs. It just so happens that they are the available personnel. It happens that they may work together with a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist

The Nuer Tribe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Nuer Tribe - Essay Example Central Sudan, where the capital Khartoum is located, is the urban region where most of the population resides. Speaking 300 different languages, the different tribes have a history of infighting since time immemorial. Famine and the almost incessant fighting between the tribes have always been catalysts for the social and economic deterioration of Sudan (Sharp 147). The main ethnic tribes are the Dinka (12%), Nuba (8%), Beja (6%), Nuer (5%) and Azande (3%) (Lye 294). Probably the most important of these is the Nuer tribe not only because its habitat, the swamps of Sudd, might contain vast oil deposits that is currently being explored by Chevron Oil Company (Luciani 88) but it is 'the largest political segment of a people defined by a common language and a sense of common identity" and "the tribe was the largest population who not only claims a common territory but acknowledge the right of their members to compensation for injury" (Bhushan & Malik 106). southern Sudan in the region called the Sudd, which is a Nile-fed swamp as large as the US state of Maine. The Nuer tribe habitat is therefore the flood-plains of the White Nile and its tributaries and extends southwards to Abyssinia (Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories 325). The Nuer habitat is about 500 kilometers south of Khartoum. The Nuer tri The Nuer tribe is part of the 3 major Nilotic tribes in southern Sudan, the other two being the Dinka and the Shilluk tribes, which physically bear resemblance to each other but each speak different languages and has its own customs and traditions. As a people, the Nuer tribe is divided into clans that in the 1930 census were identified to have numbered to 17 clans with a total population of 247,000 and which are scattered throughout southern Sudan in their own villages. Each clan averages about 14,529 Nuers in the 1930 census which had grown to 35,351 Nuers per clan in the 1955 census (Kelly 161). Recent years have placed the Nuer population at 1.5 million. The different Nuer clans are predatory and are very successful in their belligerent activities because albeit scattered, they are unified, manifesting capacity to unite on a large scale and to organize swift large-scale raids. The Nuer internal unity and its organizational skills are impressive unlike its main warfare victim, th e Dinka tribe groups which are "politically autonomous and do not unite in warfare or for any other purpose". A chink in the Nuer unity and kinship however shows, when a few Nuer clans i.e. the Jagei, the Western Jikany and Eastern Jikany oftentimes clash not only with the Dinka enemy but also with fellow Nuer clans (Kelly 160). The Nuer clans always fight for territorial expansion and this expansionism and predisposition to territorial appropriation had been rooted in the Nuer sociocultural system (Kelly 226). Since early times, the Nuer tribes

An Inspector Calls Essay Example for Free

An Inspector Calls Essay JB Priestly wrote An Inspector Calls to enhance the message that we dont live alone. We are members of one body. We are responsible for each other. This is something Priestly felt strongly about and he succeeded in representing his views through the character of the Inspector in the play itself. He wanted to communicate the message that our actions, no matter how small or seemingly insignificant, always affect others. He uses the downfall of Eva Smith and a chain of events to demonstrate this. This leads to a very convincing and well-devised play, which puts across JB Priestleys views clearly and precisely. In Edwardian Britain there was a great difference in the roles of men and women in society and the outlook of what and was not accepted differed substantially. A prime example of this in the play is when Mr Birling says Nothing to do with you, Sheila. Run along. This tells us that women are treated as inferior to men as they should not interfere with their conversations. For example, upper class men were encouraged to gain sexual experience with lower class women. This way, women were preserved until the wedding night as a sign of purity. The background a marriage carried was seen as more important than the relationship between the couple. In many cases it was necessary for individuals to marry into families that offered greater status or financial strength. This is shown in the play when Mr Birling says Your father and I have been friendly rivals in business we may look forward to a time when Crafts and Birlings are no longer competing but are working together. This suggests Mr Birling cares more about his own welfare than Gerald and Sheilas happiness. The Inspector conveys the theme of responsibility. He shows we must all look out for each other and think before taking actions. Priestley uses Eva Smiths death as an example of the suffering of lower class women in Edwardian times and directs the blame at the whole family caused by their small but consequential, chain of events. Priestley cleverly brings in the inspector at a strategic moment, just after Birling has stated that a man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own. This is the speech that Birling has just made, which reveals his true character. That of a narcissistic, unsparing old man. But then the inspector comes in and gradually shows them how wrong Birling is and how we should feel and show responsibility for one another.

Feasibility Study

Feasibility Study Discuss the Components of a feasibility report. Consider the following types of Feasibility: 1. Feasibility Study The Feasibility study is a study of possible alternate solutions to a problem and a recommendation on the best alternative. (Randall, B. et. al, 2010) It can decide whether a process be carried out by a new system more efficiently than the existing one. 1.1. Economic feasibility: Economic Feasibility study is the study which are related to cost benefit exploration of the project/software. For example staff cost, testing cost. This feasibility assess the efficiency of an prevailing system. (SHARMA, 2014) This types of study that are generally considered tasks as they may benefit more than other’s from computerization and non-functional characteristics such as the time delay between the real world and the different parts of the system. The system costs should also be estimated in terms of basic resources of money, people and time 1.2. Technical Feasibility: The main purpose of a technical feasibility study is to identify if a certain plan of action is feasible—that is, will it work? A technical feasibility assessment should be applied to all projects being considered in order to better comprehend if the project can be done â€Å"technically† and if it can be done â€Å"here and now.† Furthermore, the early stages of technical analysis will help recognize areas of fortes and weakness in the proposed project so that we know where to direct further thought, planning, resources or assistance. (Kersnaghan, 2012) 1.3. Operational Feasibility This study investigates the factors such as the probable reaction of employees to the project and other proposed organizational changes that may occur by implementing this software. Also Operational feasibility refers to how well a planned system solves the problems of the project and how well it works at using the opportunities of the project. Operational feasibility is therefore one of the key elements of a feasibility study. (Wells, 2014) For example, if the employee are happy with the proposed system and find out no reason to change then there may be a high degree of resistance to the new system. Relevant factors here concern if the project has general management support and whether or not the users have been involved in the development of the proposal. 1.4. Time Feasibility Time feasibility deals to find out if the given project could be completed within the given time phase or not. This study can help mitigate the risk that a project is wasting its time. Furthermore it helps us to do the project orderly and clearly. (Technology.blurtit.com, 2014) Time Viability study helps to identify the various constraints on the project schedule and whether they could be reasonably met, so that letter there would not be any problem to meet the project goal. (Giorgini, 2003) 1.5. Legal Feasibility Legal feasibility study defines whether the proposed system conflicts with legal requirements, e.g. a Data Processing system must comply with the local Data Protection Acts. When an organization has either internal or external legal counsel, such reviews are typically standard. However, a project may face legal issues after completion if this factor is not considered at this stage (John, 2014). It also determine whether the proposed project conflicts with legal requirements such as known Acts, Statutes, or any pending legislation. (Newnorthafrica.com, 2014) 1.6. Social Feasibility This feasibility deals to check if the designed system will be satisfactory with the people or not. This assumption would in general examine the probability that the project would have to be acknowledged by the group of people that are directly affected by the Designed system. (Newnorthafrica.com, 2014) 1.7. Management Feasibility The management feasibility study would determine the organizational chart and qualification of the people involved. It checks if the staff of the organization are capable of running and maintaining the designed system. References John, J. 2014.System Analysis and Design-Feasibility Analysis. [online] Available at: http://www.learnsad.com/Feasibility.html [Accessed: 14 Oct 2013]. Kersnaghan, S. 2012. Technical Feasibility Assessments.Climate Resiliance Framework, 3 Newnorthafrica.com. 2014.Economic, legal, social, and technical feasibility study | NEWNORTHAFRICA. [online] Available at: http://www.newnorthafrica.com/feasibility/ [Accessed: 13 Oct 2013]. SHARMA, A. 2014.Economic Feasibility ~ All Computer Topics. [online] Available at: http://allcomputertopics.blogspot.com/2013/02/economic-feasibility.html [Accessed: 2 Apr 2013]. Technology.blurtit.com. 2014.What is purpose of scheduling? Blurtit. [online] Available at: http://technology.blurtit.com/3251022/what-is-purpose-of-scheduling [Accessed: 3 Oct 2013]. Wells, A. 2014.What Is An Operational Feasibility Study? Blurtit. [online] Available at: http://business.blurtit.com/855874/what-is-an-operational-feasibility-study [Accessed: 2 Sep 2013]. Task 2: Assess the impact of different feasibility criteria on a system investigation. 2. Impact of Feasibility Study 2.1. Impact due to Technology The technical aspect explores—if the project feasibility is within the limits of current technology available within the organization and does the technology exist at all, or is available within given resource constraints (i.e., total cost and time constraint of the project). In the technical feasibility of the Himalayan Library the various requirements of the organization, such as, (I) various input device required to run the project (II) Output devices required to produce the output (III) The availability of processing devices in the organization. This analysis helps in the future to run the program to achieve the full advantages. This deals us to find out various aspects like Assuming that technology required is applicable, is it available in the current market. If the technology is already available in the organization, does it support to handle the solution? In case the technology is not available in, can it be acquired? 2.2. Economic Impact The economic feasibility of the system helps the organization to allot if the implementation of the program is worthwhile. As soon as specific requirements and solutions have been identified we can weigh the costs and benefits of each alternative. This Feasibility study helps to find out the following aspect: Return On investment (ROI) at what period of time does the system start to return the initial investment Payback Period (PP) time required to generate sufficient cash flow to recover its initial cost. 2.3. Operational Impact Assessing this feasibility is to gain an understanding of if the proposed system will likely to solve the business problems, or take benefit of the opportunities or not. It is important to understand how the new system will fit into the current day to day processes of the organization. By analyzing this aspect we could find out if the staff present in the organization are able to run the given system. Then they would be able to make the decision to hire new technical staff or to give the trainings to the staff. 2.4. Social Impact It takes in consideration whether the current work practices and procedures support a new system and social factors of how the organizational changes will affect the working lives of those affected by the system. 2.5. Legal Impact This feasibility also has the major role in the development process. It determines if there are any restriction of the law in the process of development of the proposed software. If any permission is to be taken in order to develop the system then we could find out in this phase. 2.6. Managerial Impact After implementation does the organization have qualified manpower to run the program? Do we have to give additional trainings? These are the main aspect that come under this feasibility study. It helps to identify the capabilities of the employee. Beside that the main aspect it deals with is does the software helps in managing the daily activities of the organization. Conclusion The feasibility study is relevant to the determination of if there should be any further plans implemented. The conclusion might be either the project does not successfully serve the needs of the organization or the conclusions of the study might be positive. In this case the study provides with a clear understanding of what the project to be developed needs in terms of modification, cost, profit, risk, and time. The feasibility study them serves two functions: The study makes the evaluation of the total cost required for funding the project. The result of the study may give the inputs for the project to be implemented Task 3: Undertake a systems investigation to meet the business need. Consider the following aspects during investigation: 3.1. Product Description Library Management system for the Himalayan Library is the computerized system which helps the librarian or the user to maintain the daily activities in the systematic order. It reduces the risk of paper work that includes loss of file, damage of file, consuming of time, difficult to search the required data etc. But by the implementation of library management system the user would be able to manage the record more efficiently and time –saving. 3.2. Problem Statement As the Himalayan library is using the manual system for the management of every task in the library, they are facing various issues. So to solve those issues they have planned to implement the computerized system for the day to day management of their task. Some of the Problem they have been facing are: 3.2.1. File Lost: As a lack of computerized system there is a high chance for the file to be lost. It may be due to sometimes the librarian forget to keep the file to the original place due to lot of member queue for borrowing the book or sometimes he might forget the original place. 3.2.2. File Damage: The other problem is the damaged of the file. This might be because of some accident like the librarian hitting the cup of tea on the paper. This might cause due to other potential aspects like animals. Rat or some insects may damage the file/records. 3.2.3. Difficult to search Record: It becomes very difficult to search for the specific record in very less time. A lot of manual task has to be done to search for the user record while lending the book. 3.2.4. Space Consuming: As the day passes the records of the libray are getting more and more. And practically it becomes difficult to manage and keep those record safe. Hence, managing the physical records become space consuming. 3.2.5. Difficult to view Reports: Reports to be created in the manual system is too time consuming. It requires the librarian to go through various files in order to produce one report. 3.3. Objective of the Proposed System 3.3.1. Improvement in control and performance The Himalayan Library management system is developed to overcome the various problem that the library has been facing. The system must be capable of validating the user, storing record and generating reports. 3.3.2. Cost Saving As before the Himalayan library has been hiring about 5 employee, but after implementation of the Library management system the library could be handle with 2members saving the cost of 3 other employee. Beside that it saves the cost of lots of paper. 3.3.3. Save time Librarian is able to search for the books or generate various reports within the certain clicks, compared to the manual system it saves a lot of time. 3.3.4. Security As all the information are saved in the centralized machine and are being backed up regularly, there is a minimum chance of the data being lost. 3.4. Requirement Software Requirement .NET framework 4 or higher SQL Server 2008 or higher Windows OS 7 /8/8.1 Hardware Requirement for Smooth Running Processor- 1.5 GHz Ram- 2 GB For synchronization between computer LAN connection is required 3.5. Fact Finding Techniques On-site Observation As a junior system analyst, it was the responsibility to check the functioning of library. So, on the visit to the library for two days we observed librarian issuing and returning books as well as other functioning of the library. We also inspected the place where the cards are stored and from that it was seen that it was a real mess. To see if a particular book is already issued, it is a difficult and effort intensive process. The analyst also saw the records for books, members, and accounts. From site visit we had a good understanding of the functioning of the system. After this, we performed some personal interviews of library staff and few members. The interview is show below. Interview Beside the on-site observation interview with some selected stake holders were performed as the part of the requirement gathering. In this process we conducted structured interview with administrator, 2 librarian and some users about their expectation of the library management system. Task 4 Use appropriate systems analysis tools and techniques to carry ot a system investigation. You can consider the following tools: Use case Diagram Context Diagram 0 and 1 Level DFD diagram 4.1. Use Case Diagram Figure 1: Use Case Diagram of Library Management System 4.2. Context Diagram Figure 2: Context Diagram of the Library Management System 4.3. Data Flow Diagram Figure 3: Data Flow Diagram of Library Management System Figure 4: Data Flow Diagram of Library Management System Nikesh Adhikari | 1

America’s Insatiable Appetite for Cocaine Essay -- Exploratory Essays

America’s Insatiable Appetite for Cocaine Where does Coca-Cola get its name? Why was it created? In 1886, the Georgia pharmacist, John Pemberton, designed Coca-Cola as a headache remedy and a stimulant. The original beverage contained cocaine and was used both as an intoxicating beverage and a medically useful tonic. The effects of the drink helped make it popular. Only in the early twentieth century was the drug eliminated from the Coca-Cola recipe and replaced with increased amounts of caffeine.[1]   Cocaine has a long history which also involves the once condoned use for medicinal purposes in the 1890's to being one of the most widespread abused drug today. Cocaine was the first effective local anesthetic for use in minor surgery. Before being used in medicine, the Inca civilization of Peru confined the use of coca to the royal classes and priesthood because the leaves were considered a symbol of divinity, a gift bestowed by the sun god. They clearly appreciated its pharmacological effects: deflecting fatigue and hunger, enhancing endurance, and promoting a sense of happiness.[1] Other civilizations gave cocaine to their slaves and workers instead of food and rest. "There is ample evidence that Indians under the influence of coca can withstand exceptional hardships and perform heavy labor, without requiring proper nourishment during that time....[By] using coca the Indians are able to travel on foot for hundreds of hours and run faster than horses without showing signs of fatigu e."[11] What is cocaine? How does cocaine increase alertness and decrease one's appetite? It is all in the head, more accurately, in the brain.   Cocaine is derived from the coca plant Erythroxylon coca in a white crystalline alkaloid powder. ... .... 5. Holden, Constance. "Cocaine Shrinks Your Brain?" Science. 248: April 1990, p. 167. 6. Cowen, Ron. "Cocaine and the Nervous System." Science News. 137: April 1990, p. 238. 7. Mendelson, Jack H., M.d. et al. "Anterior, Adrenal, and Gonadal Hormones During Cocaine Withdrawal." The American Journal of Psychiatry. 145: September 1988, p. 1095. 8. Volkow, Nora D., M.D. et al. "Changes in Brain Glucose Metabolism in Cocaine Dependence and Withdrawal." The American Journal of Psychiatry. 148: May 1991, p. 621. 9. Satel, Sally L., M.D. et al. "Clinical Phenomenology and Neurobiology of Cocaine Abstinence: A Prospective Inpatient Study." The American Journal of Psychiatry. 148: December 1991. P. 1713. 10. Gawin, Frank H. "Cocaine Addiction: Psychology and Neurophysiology." Science. 251: March 1991. P. 1580. 11. Freud, Sigmund. "Uber Coca." July 1884.

Marijuana Legalization Essay examples -- Marijuana Law Reform, 2015

In the U.S. today, the use of recreational drugs and legislation concerning them revolves heavily around the most used illegal substance, marijuana. Marijuana is also known as cannabis, as well as a slew of other names, as it is derived from one of the three Cannabis plants: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. Cannabis’ popularity can largely be accredited to its THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) content. THC is the main psychoactive component found in cannabis that produces the â€Å"high† that marijuana users may experience. The drug is most commonly rolled into a â€Å"joint†, or weed cigarette, and smoked. While weed may provide its users a feeling a euphoria, it gives lawmakers headaches as it presents several social and legal difficulties. In the United States, laws regarding marijuana vary from state to state, but the drug is generally illegal throughout the country. Decriminalization in many states allows for freer cannabis consumption, and medical marijuana allows for patients to intake prescribed drugs without any issue. With the relative availability for marijuana despite its legal standing, obvious social constraints are placed upon members of society. Cannabis has long been used as a medicinal agent. The first uses of medical marijuana can be traced to the Chinese emperor Shen Neng, and this practice dates as far back as 2700 B.C.. The use of medical marijuana has spread from China to India, to ancient Rome, and then through Asia, Europe, and Africa. The plant was used to treat any number of ailments, including â€Å"gout, malaria, beriberi, rheumatism, and, curiously, poor memory† (Understanding Marijuana 11). Marijuana was also used as a painkiller, an anesthetic, and even as a cure for flatulence. Today, the ... ...om/time/nation/article/0,8599,1912113,00.html>. Nakaya, Andrea C. Marijuana. San Diego, CA: ReferencePoint, 2007. Print. "National Institute on Drug Abuse - The Science of Drug Abuse and Addiction." Web. 30 Sept. 2011. . "Proposition 19." Voter Information Guide November 2, 2010 | California Secretary of State. Web. 30 Sept. 2011. . Robison, Jennifer. "Decades of Drug Use: Data From the '60s and '70s." Gallup.Com - Daily News, Polls, Public Opinion on Government, Politics, Economics, Management. 2 July 2002. Web. 30 Sept. 2011. . "VOTES FOR AND AGAINST NOVEMBER 2, 2010, STATEWIDE BALLOT MEASURES." Web. 30 Sept. 2011. . Marijuana Legalization Essay examples -- Marijuana Law Reform, 2015 In the U.S. today, the use of recreational drugs and legislation concerning them revolves heavily around the most used illegal substance, marijuana. Marijuana is also known as cannabis, as well as a slew of other names, as it is derived from one of the three Cannabis plants: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. Cannabis’ popularity can largely be accredited to its THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) content. THC is the main psychoactive component found in cannabis that produces the â€Å"high† that marijuana users may experience. The drug is most commonly rolled into a â€Å"joint†, or weed cigarette, and smoked. While weed may provide its users a feeling a euphoria, it gives lawmakers headaches as it presents several social and legal difficulties. In the United States, laws regarding marijuana vary from state to state, but the drug is generally illegal throughout the country. Decriminalization in many states allows for freer cannabis consumption, and medical marijuana allows for patients to intake prescribed drugs without any issue. With the relative availability for marijuana despite its legal standing, obvious social constraints are placed upon members of society. Cannabis has long been used as a medicinal agent. The first uses of medical marijuana can be traced to the Chinese emperor Shen Neng, and this practice dates as far back as 2700 B.C.. The use of medical marijuana has spread from China to India, to ancient Rome, and then through Asia, Europe, and Africa. The plant was used to treat any number of ailments, including â€Å"gout, malaria, beriberi, rheumatism, and, curiously, poor memory† (Understanding Marijuana 11). Marijuana was also used as a painkiller, an anesthetic, and even as a cure for flatulence. Today, the ... ...om/time/nation/article/0,8599,1912113,00.html>. Nakaya, Andrea C. Marijuana. San Diego, CA: ReferencePoint, 2007. Print. "National Institute on Drug Abuse - The Science of Drug Abuse and Addiction." Web. 30 Sept. 2011. . "Proposition 19." Voter Information Guide November 2, 2010 | California Secretary of State. Web. 30 Sept. 2011. . Robison, Jennifer. "Decades of Drug Use: Data From the '60s and '70s." Gallup.Com - Daily News, Polls, Public Opinion on Government, Politics, Economics, Management. 2 July 2002. Web. 30 Sept. 2011. . "VOTES FOR AND AGAINST NOVEMBER 2, 2010, STATEWIDE BALLOT MEASURES." Web. 30 Sept. 2011. .

Immigrant assimilation Essay

Immigrant assimilation is a well known process in which a group of immigrations change their culture in order to adapt with the dominant society, which are the native people of a certain country. In the United States, this process had been widespread since the early 1800s, where immigrants gradually become similiar with natives. There are two kinds of assimilations. The first one is that immigrants are becoming more similar over time in norms, and behaviors, while the second one , the racialor ethnic disadvantage model states that mostly black immigrants or other races that are discriminated have no chance to assimilate. An example of this model is discrimination to job opportunities. There were three theoretical explanation referring to assimilation. In 1845 Ralph Emerson referred to assimilitaion as the main idea for imigrants of changing themselves in an equal way, because not only the europians, but also the other races can contribute to the new formed citizens. Mead and Kwan stu died a person’s treatment in society for what he truly is and not categorizing people in racial minorities. Robert Park interpretated assimilitation as a process in which people share experiences together and in this way help the immigrants to be part of the american mainstream life. He viewed this process as the end of the stage of race cycle. After World War 1, he and Thomas, after some studies of immigrants in Chicago,explained that it will be easier if immigrant groups were left to make this process happen slowly and not being forced to change because of the feeling discriminated. It has been proved that people were more efficient this way, and assimilation shows inwhat direction are these people actually moving or changing. The third theory shows Gordon’s points of view. He explained assimilation through acculuration, which according to him is a one way process where the minority integrates with the majority. He also focused on the generational change because he noticed that the first generation of people that were born somewhere else in the world were less assimilated than the second one, their children. The measurable aspects of assimilation are socioeconomic status, spatial concentration, language attainment, and intermarriage. The first one refers to education, wealth, and occupation. The second one is defined by residential patterns, while the third one indicated their first language, and the last one is defined by race or ethnicity. I agree on Gordon’s statement about the generation change and the segmented assimilation theory which focuses on the notion that people adapt in different ways with their life in the United States, depending on their social and economic factors. Immigrants come from diverse backgrounds, and their children known as second generation immigrants, have another experience regarding cultural conflict compared to their parents and that of mainstream american society. These second generation immigrants seem to assimilate into society easier. Three major groups including Hispanics, African Americans, and Asian Americans make up the population of second generation immigrants in the United States. Latinos have resulted really successful in businesses in LA and Miami, and a lot of new students are enrolled in schools. In contrast to their parents, second generation Hispanics are more likely to intermarry with members of other racial groups. The second generation immigrants of African Americans seem to be more aware of racial discrimination. In addition, the assimilation into black society and black culture in the U.S. by these children is hindered by their parents’ oppositional stance to American black culture, contributing to identity conflict. A considering percentage of the Asian population in the U.S. can be categorized as a second generation immigrants. Again, we can see the segmented assimilation theory in practice here because the cultural assimilation of second generation Asians is diverse, where many are highly educated, which results that asians have achieved a lot and consist on middle class families. The second generation of immigrants are truly part of the society and should not be considered foreign. In conlusion, immigrant assimilation is a complex process in which immigrants not only fully integrate themselves into a new country, but also lose a lot of aspects of their native cultures. The most common route to economic well-being for the young adults is to join the mainstream. This meticulously researched project shows that immigrant youths in fact fare better than both their parents and their native counterparts. This second generation advantage reflects the systematic differences between immigrant and native groups For example, adult children of immigrants are more likely to live at home in multigenerational households than native bourns. Moreover, the presence of extended family members could allow for more working adults to pool income together, and thus make more resources available per child.

How are Transnationalism and Europeanisation transforming the political geographies of nation-States? Discuss, with examples.

Abstract Transnationalism and Europeanistaion is the concept of downloading the structures of the European Union (EU) to the domestic level.When implementing such structures, however, the changes that are made within State territories are extended to include shared beliefs, rules, discourses, identities and policies. This, in effect, seems to be a two way process which provides territorial States with greater control over the political geographies of their nation States. Although this affects the attainment of a fully integrated EU, the same structures are still being employed which demonstrates the overall impact Europeanisation has upon nation States. This study will examine the effect Transnationalism and Europeanisation has upon the political geographies of nation States and a demonstration as to how the political geographies of these States are transformed will be given. Introduction Transnationalism refers to the transborder relations and interactions that exist between individuals, firms, institutions and groups. In doing so, the cultural and political characteristics of nation States combine, which in turn leads to Europeanisation (Featherstone and Radaelli, 2003). Europeanisation is defined as; â€Å"an incremental process of re-orienting the direction and shape of politics to the extent that EC political and economic dynamics become part of the organisational logic of national politics and policy making† (Howell, 2002: 6). Overall, Europeanisation is the downloading, to the domestic level, of European Union (EU) regulations, directives, regulations and institutional structures. Transnationalism and Europeanisation are therefore concerned with the inter-relationships between individuals, States and territories, which transforms the political geographies of nation-States. This study will demonstrate how Transnationalism and Europeanisation transforms th e political geographies of nation-States by reviewing relevant academic literature within this area and providing applicable examples of how Transnationalism and Europeanisation transforms the boundaries, divisions and possession of States. The difficulties with attaining completing EU integration will also be discussed, followed by a review as to whether the current processes are effective or not. Overview of how Transnationalism and Europeanisation are transforming the political geographies of territorial States Political geographies of territorial States are defined by borders, despite the fact that the EU intends to establish a fully integrated system. Transnationalism and Europeanisation impacts the political geographies of such States by making a distinction between State sovereignty and European integration and subsequently abrogating State sovereignty (Jacobsson et al; 2013: 70). The understanding of Transnationalism and Europeanisation has, nonetheless, been extremely complex for some time, although Europeanisation is generally considered a paradigm of Transnationalism (Maria, 2010: 1). Transnationalism and Europeanisation therefore describes the two way process of policy change that occurs between the EU and domestic governance structures. This is different from European integration, which relates to the one way process of the EU’s impact upon Member States. Distinct structures of governance are thus created through Europeanisation (Cowles et al, 2001: 1) and consist of  "formal and informal rules, procedures, policy paradigms, styles, shared beliefs and norms† (Featherstone and Radaelli, 2003: 30). The development of these distinct structures of governance has, nonetheless, been considered to generate â€Å"adaptational pressures† that are conditioned upon the ‘goodness of fit’ between EU and national policies (Cowels et al; 2001: 2). Accordingly, Europeanisation is a process of change whereby domestic structures are influenced by the processes of the EU system of governance. These are then used to shape the policy outcomes of domestic actors (Dyson and Goetz, 2003, 20), which is said to remove the borders of geographical territories within the EU. Regardless, borders are still important in helping to develop territories that are divided by State boundaries and in analysing modern political geography (Nelles and Walther, 2011: 6). Boundaries also form part of an ideology and are effective in demonstrating the limits associated with territorial ownership and control (Herrschel, 2011: 173). Borders are therefore necessary in distinguishing between territorial States. Since the Revolutions of 1989 overthrew the communist States, however, significant transformations have been made to the borders contained within the EU. The concept of Europeanisation has had a significant effect upon nation States, though at the same time it has developed multifaceted contours. This is due to the fact that it is such a contested notion and is resultantly extremely difficult to define. It has, however, recently been described as a â€Å"social act having politico-geographical motivations† (Marciacq, 2012: 1). Whilst there are many different conceptions of Europeanisation, it cannot be said that they are all equally sound. This causes controversy within the political geographies of territorial States and as argued by Driver (1991: 268); â€Å"what was once considered a moribund backwater is now fertile ground for original research and lively debate.† Nevertheless, Europeanisation is the transnational flow of people, ideas, practices and customs across all EU borders (Ydesen, 2013: 172). Not only does Europeanisation have an effect upon Member States, but it is also has an effect upon Non-Member States. T his occurs as a result of the EU’s co-operation with third countries and as expressed by neo-institutionalists; â€Å"the analysis of the organisational field of the external dimension of EU migration policy reveals interorganisational dynamics that are likely to impact on the policy output in non-Member States and shape Europeanisation processes† (Wunderlich, 2009: 22). Development of the Argument Europeanisation has transformed the political geographies of many territorial States and has had a positive impact upon the conflicts that occur between Member and Non-Member States, through integration and close association (Featherstone and Radaelli, 2003). Nevertheless, as Germany and Poland have failed to integrate fully, much confliction still exists between the two territories (Kratke, 2007: 1). The German side of the border is detrimentally affected, whilst the Polish side of the border has improved economically (Nelles and Walther, 2011: 6). One of the main objectives of Europeanisation was to ensure that States became fully integrated, yet many barriers still exist. This has been described as an â€Å"unnatural and dysfunctional unit† (Ohmae, 1995: 42), though it is unclear whether such borders will ever be fully opened up (Mingus, 2006: 577). If the EU is to become fully integrated, this will be a necessary requisite although it is likely that many States will be rel uctant to become borderless for fear that sovereignty will be undermined. In addition, borders are now being used in order to resolve many underlying issues that arise within the EU, such as immigration, crime and environmental problems. As a result, borders are being recognised as having significant importance and although it is important that the EU becomes fully integrated, it is also necessary for effective controls to exist (Gabbe, 2010). Cross-border co-operation will be capable of allowing for â€Å"the discovery and furtherance of common interests and the acknowledgement of differences† (O’Dowd, 2010: 32). Arguably, it is clear that divides continue to exist within the EU and it is questionable whether these can be overcome given the cultural and political differences that exist within territorial States. Provided that State co-operate with each other, effective Europeanisation will be ascertained; â€Å"cross-border co-operation helps lessen the disadvantages of the border, overcome the periphery status of the border regions and imp rove the living standards of people in the area† (Gronau, 2011: 3). Therefore, if territorial States, such as Poland and Germany, co-operate with each other and embrace the changes that are being created by Europeanisation, the problems that currently exist will be overcome. Cross-border boundaries produce many difficulties for the attainment of a fully integrated EU, yet it has been suggested that boundaries are actually â€Å"fading away in the post-modern, globalized world† (Passi, 2010: 678). Therefore, although Transnationalism and Europeanisation are transforming the political geographies of territorial States and establishing an integrated EU, territoriality still exists. It remains to be seen whether this will ever be any different given that boundaries are a symbol of sovereignty. Furthermore, because Europeanisation still has an impact upon Member and Non-Member States alike, it is questionable whether a borderless world is in fact needed since the structures of the EU are still being adopted regardless (Gabbe, 2010: 3). Consequently, it appears in view of this that closed borders are primarily required to tackle immigration, crime and environmental problems and that as a result of Europeanisation, territorial States are adopting the str uctures of the EU regardless as to whether the borders are open or closed. Therefore, whilst a fully integrated EU would be advantageous, it cannot be said whether the drive for this exists as a real entity or a mere political entity. Transnationalism and Europeanisation have evidently transformed the management of borders both inside and outside the EU by striving for integration and co-operation. However, many believe that the ‘Fortress Europe’ notion still exists (Willem, 2006: 13). Since the Schengen Agreement was entered into in 1995, however, the EU has become even more integrated. This has been considered one of the â€Å"greatest achievements of the EU† (European Commission, 2013: 1). The Schengen Agreement provided the EU with an area that exists without internal borders, which provides individuals with the ability to circulate freely without being subjected to border checks. Whilst this makes it easier for citizens within the internal borders, tighter controls are placed upon the external borders to ensure the protection of those within the Schengen area (Alscher, 2005: 126). This effectively creates a Fortress Europe on the external borders whilst creating a free Europe on the intern al ones. Whilst Europeanisation transforms the political geographies of nation States, it is internalised differently and depends entirely upon the territorial States willingness to change. Therefore, whilst Europeanisation does strongly influence integration, it has been pointed out that the process is â€Å"uneven at both the domestic and regional level† (Anastasakis, 2005: 77). This is because at the regional level differentiation and diversity continues to persist amongst countries and at the domestic level there is a constant battle between reform and reaction. Europeanisation is simply a process that territorial States are to adopt in order to achieve economic integration and create a set of ideals that are being conformed to by all EU Member States. Yet, the workability of this will depend entirely upon the willingness of territorial States. Co-operation amongst States should therefore be encouraged in order to overcome any problems that arise with regards to cross-border relations and to provide adequate protection to citizens. It is unlikely that this will be achieved with ease given the lack of co-operation that currently exists in territories such as G ermany and Poland, yet provided that nation States have a common set of goals, any sensitivity that exists will be dealt with accordingly. Conclusion Overall, Transnationalism and Europeanisation transforms the political geographies of nation-States by establishing common goals and desires that are to be adopted by all States within the EU. Whilst Europeanisation generally seeks to achieve an integrated Europe, territorial States are still being defined by borders. However, in spite of this Transnationalism and Europeanisation still impacts the political geographies of nation States by distinguishing between State sovereignty and European integration. Borders of geographical territories are said to be removed by Europeanisation, yet many borders still exist in order to maintain control and securitization. Europeanisation has, nevertheless, transformed the political geographies of many territorial States by positively impacting the conflicts that transpire between Member and Non-Member States. This is achieved through integration and close association, yet not all States have successfully integrated. This is due to the reluctance o f States to abrogate sovereignty. As a result, divides continue to exist within the EU, despite the attempts that have been made to the adoption of Europeanisation. Hence, it is questionable whether these divides can be rectified given the cultural and political differences that exist within territorial States. The attainment of a fully integrated EU seems to be affected as a result of this, yet the same structures of Europeanisation are still being incorporated regardless of the fact that cross-border boundaries are still being maintained by some States. Thus, because Europeanisation still impacts upon Member and Non-Member States, it is unclear whether a borderless world is needed given that borders help to tackle immigration, crime and environmental problems. Still, it is manifest that Transnationalism and Europeanisation does transform the political geographies of nation-States as a whole. References Alscher, S. (2005) ‘Knocking at the doors of â€Å"Fortress Europe†: Migration and Border Control in Southern Spain and Eastern Poland’, The Centre for Comparative Immigration Studies, University of California, Working Paper 126. Anastasakis, O. (2005) ‘The Europeanisation of the Balkans’ Brown Journal of World Affairs, Volume 12, Issue 1. Cowles, M. G., Caporaso J. A. & Risse Th. (eds.) (2001), Europeanisation and Domestic Change, New York: Ithaca. Driver, F. (1991) ‘Political Geography and State Formation: Disputed Territory’ Progress in Human Geography, Volume 15, Issue 1. Dyson, K. & Goetz, K. H. (eds.) (2003), Germany, Europe and the Politics of Constraint, Oxford; Oxford University Press. European Commission. (2013) ‘Schengen, Borders and Visas’ Home Affairs, [Online] Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/index_en.htm [17 February 2014]. Featherstone, K. & Radaelli, C. (eds.) (2003), The Politics of Europeanisation, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Gabbe, J. (2010) ‘Legal Status of Cross-Border Co-Operation Structures – Past, Present and Prospects’ [Online] Available at: http://enpi.interact-eu.net/downloads/40/AEBR_Factsheet_Legal_Status_of_Cross_Border_Cooperation_Structures_Past_Present_and_Prospects.pdf [17 February 2014]. Gronau, A. (2011) ‘European Charter for Border and Cross-Border Regions’ [Online] Available: http://www.aebr.eu/files/publications/110915_Charta_EN_clean.pdf [17 February 2014]. Herrschel, T. (2011) Borders in Post-Socialist Europe: Territory Scale Society, Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Howell, K. (2002). ‘Developing Conceptualizations of Europeanisation and European Integration: Mixing Methodologies’ ESRC Seminar Series / UACES Study Group on the Europeanization of British Politics, Research Unit for Institutional Governance. Jacobsson, B. Laegreid, P. and Pedersen, O. K. (2013) Europeanisation & the Transformation of States, London, Routledge, Political Science. Kratke, S. (2007) Metropolisation of the European Economic Territory as a Consequence of Incerasing Specialisation of Urban Agglomerations in the Knowledge Economy, European Planning Studies, Volume 15, Issue 1. Marciacq, F. (2012) ‘The Political Geographies of Europeanisation: Mapping the Contested Conceptions of Europeanisation’ Journal of Contemporary European Research, Volume 8, Number 1. Maria, A. (2010) ‘Approaching the Euopreanisation process from a cosmopolitan perspective’ [Online] Available at: http://www.idec.gr/iier/new/Europeanization%20Papers%20PDF/Angelopoulou%20-%20Approaching%20the%20Europeanisation%20process%20from%20a%20cosmopolitan%20perspective.pdf [17 February 2014]. Nelles, J. and Walther, O. (2011) Changing European Borders: From Separation to InterfaceAn Introduction, Journal of Urban Research, [Online] Available: http://articulo.revues.org/1658 [17 February 2014]. Mingus, M. S. (2006) Transnationalism and Subnational Paradiplomacy: Are Governance Networks Perforating SovereigntyInternational Journal of Public Administration, Volume 29, Issue 8. Nelles, J. and Walther, O. (2011) Changing European Borders: From Separation to InterfaceAn Introduction, Journal of Urban Research, [Online] Available: http://articulo.revues.org/1658 [17 February 2014]. O’Dowd, L. (2010) The Changing Significance of European Borders, Regional and Federal Studies, Volume 12, Issue 4. Ohmae, K. (1995) The End of the Region State: The Rise of Regional Economies. London: Harper Collins. Paasi, A. (2010) Boundaries as Social Practice and Discourse: The Finnish-Russian Border, Regional Studies, Volume 33, Issue 7. Willem, P. (2006) ‘Freedom of Movement within Fortress Europe’ Archive of European Integration, Biennial Conference 2005. Wunderlich, D. (2009) ‘Governance Networks in the External Dimension of EU Migration Policy: Europeanisation Through the Grapevine?’ [Online] Available at: http://aei.pitt.edu/33165/1/wunderlich._daniel.pdf [17 February 2014]. Ysden, C. (2013) ‘Europeanisation Education: Governing a New Policy Space’ Journal of Education Policy. Best Foot Scrubber available at: http://bestmakeuplooks.com/beauty/best-foot-scrubber/

Mass Media's Negative Impact on American Society Essay

Mass Media's Negative Impact on American Society - Essay Example A major role in the impeachment of President Clinton was played by the media of the country as well. But today, the unconcealed public anxiety, which concerns functioning, tasks, content of the media, sounds louder. Many prominent figures of our society, as well as many ordinary people, express dissatisfaction concerning an increasingly negative impact of mass media not only on journalism itself, but on society as a whole. This primarily concerns the quality of today’s American journalism within a moral and ethical point of view. Most of the public is deeply concerned also, that the media tries to teach us morality, â€Å"passing some inherited moral norms from generation to generation†. However, the very essence of this social heritage has been vigorously debated. In spite of the fact that in very few media reports and television broadcasts morality is perceptible and obvious, hints at some or other moral values are always present, especially on TV. At the same time th e media is flooded with scenes of violence in action and horror films and cartoons even, endless shootings, crime reports, aggressive music and games that, so some extend, popularize the criminal culture. In many cases the media does not consciously want to provoke violence in society – it just covers over a weak storyline of a picture or lack of really important news with scenes of violence, which surely attract attention of common people. Such scenes have a direct impact on subconsciousness, because they influence on the feelings rather than senses. The media forms in teenagers’ heads some stable mechanism, according to which they will act in this or that reality situation (Moy and... This essay stresses that sex in mass media is not limited to explicit images of copulation or nudity; it may include any model implying sexual behavior, interest or motivation. The most alarming in the behavioral effects of viewing erotic materials is that there is a traced direct connection between it and commission of sexual assaults. There were a lot of studies conducted, which considered the ratings of such crimes as rapes, exhibitionism, sexual abuse of minors, depending on changes in availability of sexually explicit materials. This report makes a conclusion that the last decades witnessed the rapid development of new communication technologies. E-mail, Internet, digital television, have become a part of our lives, often pushing to the sidelines the traditional media. Communication ceases to be one-way, there appear elements of interactivity. The question of the influence of the media appears in a new perspective. The amount of information available to each member of society increases many times; the process of news diffusion becomes swift and varied. At the same time the content quality of mass media lives much to be desired. It’s full to the brim with violence, advertising, false ideals and tons of shallow information a normal man will never need. Everyday impact of the media on society leads to creation of stereotypes, simplification of thinking and psychological patterns, as information is presented in ready-made form with a certain emotional coloring, which leaves no space for creative conceptua lization.

Everyday Use by Alice Walker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Everyday Use by Alice Walker - Essay Example However, her hopes are dashed when Dee returns with different world views and opinions about her heritage. Walker develops the theme of the meaning of heritage through the plot when Dee constructs a new heritage for herself after being angered by the oppression she feels exists in her family. Dee’s character is seen to have rejected her family legacy by giving herself a new name which she believes truthfully represents her African heritage. Dee’s renaming is the author’s way of trying to connect the past and indicates the flexible nature of identity. Walker does not mention Mama’s real name nor does he explain the foundation of Maggie’s name and this is meant to depict their unchanging and strong ties to their heritage and family legacy. The lack of name changing by the two characters shows that their identities are stable. Dee’s name changing reflects on her lack of belief in her true heritage as she believes that her name represents the fam ily oppressors, and views it as racist. Walker uses Dee’s character to portray the many confusing ideas that many African Americans have about their true heritage. Dee is seen not to truly understand the meaning of being African and all her actions to look African are viewed as meaningless. She differs greatly from her sister Maggie when she arrives from college and wants to possess some family quilt heirlooms. Dee does not seem to see the quilts as useful and would prefer to use them as artifacts to be used as decorations to represent a time that is long lost and from the past. Mama and Dee, however, view the quilts as very important in the family and believe that the quilts represent the presence of those that made and used the quilts. They see the quilts to be true tokens of their family origin and heritage as opposed to foreign and impersonal objects. The conflict between the three women intensifies when Mama chooses Maggie to be the one to own the quilts, as she believes that she will treat them with respect by using them in the way they were intended to be used. The theme of the diverse power of education is developed by the author through the depiction of how Dee’s achievement of higher education proves to be more divisive to the family’s relationship. Dee’s character is used by the author to show how education can change one’s view of heritage and culture. The education that Dee has received has alienated her from her family and she views her family home to be strange. Family values have been replaced by arrogant ideals and a loss of identity and heritage that only family can provide. Walker uses Dee’s character to show how education can influence an individual’s view of the life that they live. Dee’s education has caused her to have a different view on heritage and family legacy therefore causing her to disrespect anything but her own view. Walker uses the characters to depict how education, or t he lack of, is harmful. Due to her ignorance and lack of education, Maggie is seen to have hampered her achievement of self fulfillment. She is portrayed as one who has accepted the circumstances of her protected life and one who does what they are told. Walker uses the yard as a symbol to represent an area devoid of the short comings and regrets that fill Mama’s life. The yard appears in the beginning of the narrative as it is being thoroughly prepared for Dee’s arrival form college. The yard is used as a symbol that represents freedom and the lack of